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Information Technology Engineering — Syllabus

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1.1Basic ConceptsAExE0101
  1. 1.Ohm's law
  2. 2.Electric voltage, current, power and energy
  3. 3.Conducting and insulating materials
  4. 4.Series and parallel electric circuits
  5. 5.Star-delta and delta-star conversion
  6. 6.Kirchhoff's law
  7. 7.Linear and non-linear circuit
  8. 8.Bilateral and unilateral circuits
  9. 9.Active and passive circuits
1.2Network TheoremsAExE0102
  1. 1.Superposition theorem
  2. 2.Thevenin's theorem
  3. 3.Norton's theorem
  4. 4.Maximum power transfer theorem
  5. 5.R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits
  6. 6.Resonance in AC series and parallel circuit
  7. 7.Active and reactive power
1.3Alternating Current FundamentalsAExE0103
  1. 1.Principle of generation of alternating voltages and currents
  2. 2.Equations and waveforms
  3. 3.Average, peak and RMS values
  4. 4.Three phase system
1.4Semiconductor DevicesAExE0104
  1. 1.Semiconductor diode and its characteristics
  2. 2.BJT configuration and biasing
  3. 3.Small and large signal model
  4. 4.Working principle and application of MOSFET and CMOS
1.5Signal GeneratorsAExE0105
  1. 1.Basic principles of oscillator
  2. 2.RC oscillators
  3. 3.LC oscillators
  4. 4.Crystal oscillators circuits
  5. 5.Waveform generators
1.6AmplifiersAExE0106
  1. 1.Classification of output stages
  2. 2.Class A output stage
  3. 3.Class B output stage
  4. 4.Class AB output stage
  5. 5.Biasing the Class AB stage
  6. 6.Power BJTs
  7. 7.Transformer-coupled push-pull stages
  8. 8.Tuned amplifiers
  9. 9.Op-amps
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2.1Digital LogicAExE0201
  1. 1.Number systems
  2. 2.Logic levels
  3. 3.Logic gates
  4. 4.Boolean algebra
  5. 5.Sum-of-Products method
  6. 6.Product-of-Sums method
  7. 7.Truth table to Karnaugh map
2.2Combinational and Arithmetic CircuitsAExE0202
  1. 1.Multiplexers
  2. 2.Demultiplexers
  3. 3.Decoder
  4. 4.Encoder
  5. 5.Binary addition
  6. 6.Binary subtraction
  7. 7.Operation on unsigned and signed binary numbers
2.3Sequential Logic CircuitAExE0203
  1. 1.RS flip-flops
  2. 2.Gated flip-flops
  3. 3.Edge triggered flip-flops
  4. 4.Master-slave flip-flops
  5. 5.Types of registers
  6. 6.Applications of shift registers
  7. 7.Asynchronous counters
  8. 8.Synchronous counters
2.4MicroprocessorAExE0204
  1. 1.Internal architecture and features of microprocessor
  2. 2.Assembly language programming
2.5Microprocessor SystemAExE0205
  1. 1.Memory device classification and hierarchy
  2. 2.Interfacing I/O and memory parallel interface
  3. 3.Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
  4. 4.Serial interface
  5. 5.Synchronous and asynchronous transmission
  6. 6.Serial interface standards
  7. 7.Direct Memory Access (DMA) and DMA controllers
2.6Interrupt OperationsAExE0206
  1. 1.Interrupt
  2. 2.Interrupt service routine
  3. 3.Interrupt processing
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3.1Introduction to C ProgrammingAItE0301
  1. 1.C tokens
  2. 2.Operators
  3. 3.Formatted/unformatted input/output
  4. 4.Control statements
  5. 5.Looping
  6. 6.User-defined functions
  7. 7.Recursive functions
  8. 8.Array (1-D, 2-D, multi-dimensional)
  9. 9.String manipulations
3.2Pointers, Structure and Data Files in CAItE0302
  1. 1.Pointer arithmetic
  2. 2.Pointer and array
  3. 3.Passing pointer to function
  4. 4.Structure vs union
  5. 5.Array of structure
  6. 6.Passing structure to function
  7. 7.Structure and pointer
  8. 8.Input/output operations on files
  9. 9.Sequential and random access to file
3.3OOP Fundamentals and FrameworksAItE0303
  1. 1.Features of OOP
  2. 2.Polymorphism, inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation
  3. 3.Classes and objects, composition
  4. 4.Data conversion, interface, inline functions
  5. 5.Default argument, pass/return by reference
  6. 6.Access specifiers
  7. 7.Constructor and its types, destructor
  8. 8.Dynamic memory allocation for objects
  9. 9.This pointer, static data member and static function
  10. 10.Constant member functions and constant objects
  11. 11.Friend function and friend classes
  12. 12.Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, multithreading
3.4Fundamentals of Web TechnologyAItE0304
  1. 1.WWW, Internet, web architecture
  2. 2.Email protocols (SMTP, POP, IMAP), HTTP, HTTPS
  3. 3.Client and server-side scripts
  4. 4.JavaScript: operators, control, DOM, array, object, jQuery
  5. 5.PHP: operators, control, array, function, string operations
  6. 6.PHP: session, database connectivity, CRUD operation
  7. 7.Introduction to CMS
3.5Pure Virtual Function and File HandlingAItE0305
  1. 1.Virtual function, dynamic binding
  2. 2.Defining, opening and closing a file
  3. 3.Input/output operations on files
  4. 4.Error handling during input/output operations
  5. 5.Stream class hierarchy
  6. 6.Formatted and unformatted input/output
  7. 7.Formatting with manipulators
3.6Generic Programming and Exception HandlingAItE0306
  1. 1.Function template
  2. 2.Overloading function template
  3. 3.Class template
  4. 4.Standard Template Library (containers, algorithms, iterators)
  5. 5.Exception handling constructs (try, catch, throw)
  6. 6.Multiple exception handling
  7. 7.Rethrowing exception, catching all exceptions
  8. 8.Exception with arguments
  9. 9.Handling uncaught and unexpected exceptions
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4.1Fundamentals of Information SystemAItE0401
  1. 1.IS architecture
  2. 2.Control of IS
  3. 3.IS audit
  4. 4.Security of IS
  5. 5.Security strategy
  6. 6.Validation and SSL certificates
  7. 7.Access authentication
4.2Enterprise Management Systems and Knowledge ManagementAItE0402
  1. 1.Enterprise management systems (EMS)
  2. 2.Enterprise software: ERP, SCM, CRM
  3. 3.Role of IS and IT in enterprise management
  4. 4.Knowledge management, knowledge-based expert system
  5. 5.Virtual reality
  6. 6.Data mining, data warehousing, OLAP, OLTP
  7. 7.Anomaly and fraud detection
4.3Implementations and Applications of Information SystemsAItE0403
  1. 1.Change management, critical success factors
  2. 2.Advanced balanced scorecard
  3. 3.Web uses mining, collaborative filtering, recommender systems
  4. 4.Collective intelligence
  5. 5.Cloud computing technologies and their types
  6. 6.MapReduce and Hadoop systems
  7. 7.Data management and information retrieval in the cloud
4.4Fundamentals of Artificial IntelligenceAItE0404
  1. 1.Introduction and importance of AI
  2. 2.AI and related fields, applications of AI
  3. 3.Learning, intelligent agents
  4. 4.Search, heuristics, pruning, evaluation functions
  5. 5.Decision making, planning, internal representation
  6. 6.Classification of problems, classifiers
  7. 7.Nearest neighbor methods
  8. 8.Training, testing and validation
  9. 9.Overfitting and complexity
4.5Neural Network and Probabilistic ModelAItE0405
  1. 1.Biological neural networks, perceptrons
  2. 2.Multilayer and recursive nets
  3. 3.Gradient descent, back propagation
  4. 4.Bayes and Markov networks
  5. 5.DBN's and HMM's
  6. 6.Genetic algorithm
4.6Expert System and Swarm IntelligenceAItE0406
  1. 1.Expert system: features, characteristics, development, architecture
  2. 2.Probability-based expert system
  3. 3.Expert system tools
  4. 4.Ant intelligent system
  5. 5.Development of the ant colony system
  6. 6.Particle swarm intelligent system
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5.1Introduction to Computer Networks, Physical Layer and Data Link LayerAItE0501
  1. 1.Networking model, protocols and standards
  2. 2.OSI model and TCP/IP model
  3. 3.Networking devices (hubs, bridges, switches, routers)
  4. 4.Transmission media
  5. 5.Data link layer services, error detection and corrections
  6. 6.Flow control, data link protocol
  7. 7.Multiple access protocols, LAN addressing and ARP
  8. 8.Ethernet, IEEE 802.3, 802.4, 802.5, CSMA/CD
  9. 9.Wireless LANs, PPP, wide area protocols
5.2Network Layer and Transport LayerAItE0502
  1. 1.Addressing (internet address, classful address), subnetting
  2. 2.Routing protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP, unicast, multicast)
  3. 3.Routing algorithms (shortest path, flooding, distance vector, link state)
  4. 4.ARP, RARP, IP, ICMP
  5. 5.IPv6 (packet formats, extension headers, transition from IPv4)
  6. 6.Transport service, transport protocols, port and socket
  7. 7.Connection establishment and release
  8. 8.Flow control, buffering, multiplexing, congestion control
5.3Application Layer and Network SecurityAItE0503
  1. 1.Web (HTTP & HTTPS), file transfer (FTP, PuTTY, WinSCP)
  2. 2.Electronic mail, DNS, P2P applications
  3. 3.Socket programming, application server concept
  4. 4.Traffic analyzer (MRTG, PRTG, SNMP, Wireshark)
  5. 5.Types of computer security, types of security attacks
  6. 6.Principles of cryptography, RSA algorithm, digital signatures
  7. 7.Securing email (PGP), SSL, IPsec, VPN
  8. 8.Virus and firewall, malware, DOS and DDOS attacks
5.4Synchronization, Network Management, Protocols and Programming ModelAItE0504
  1. 1.Synchronization principle and mode of operation
  2. 2.X.25 packet-switched networks, frame relay, ISDN
  3. 3.ATM services and application, ATM layers
  4. 4.TCP states and transition mechanism
  5. 5.UNIX socket programming, TCP and UDP communication using sockets
  6. 6.System calls, signal handling, I/O multiplexing
  7. 7.Synchronous and asynchronous communication
  8. 8.Network utilities (login, telnet)
5.5Control and Central Processing UnitsAItE0505
  1. 1.Control memory, addressing sequencing
  2. 2.Computer configuration, microinstruction format
  3. 3.Arithmetic and logic unit
  4. 4.Instruction formats, addressing modes, bus structure
  5. 5.Data transfer and manipulation
  6. 6.RISC and CISC
  7. 7.Pipelining and parallel processing
5.6Computer Arithmetic and Memory System and I/OAItE0506
  1. 1.Arithmetic and logical operations
  2. 2.The memory hierarchy, cache memory principles
  3. 3.Cache design and cache replacement algorithm
  4. 4.Composing memory, I/O programming
  5. 5.I/O modules, memory mapped I/O
  6. 6.Direct memory access
  7. 7.Characteristics of multiprocessors
  8. 8.Interconnection structure, inter-processor communication
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6.1Introduction of Computer GraphicsAItE0601
  1. 1.Overview of computer graphics
  2. 2.Graphics hardware (display technology, raster-scan, vector displays)
  3. 3.Display processors, output and input devices
  4. 4.Graphics software and software standards
  5. 5.Concept of virtual reality and VR components
  6. 6.Concepts of OpenGL commands
  7. 7.Scan conversion algorithms
  8. 8.Area filling algorithm
6.2Two and Three-Dimensional TransformationsAItE0602
  1. 1.2D/3D transformations: translation, rotation, scaling, reflection, shear
  2. 2.Viewing pipeline
  3. 3.World to screen viewing transformations
  4. 4.Projection
  5. 5.Clipping algorithms
6.33D Objects Representation and Visible Surface DetectionsAItE0603
  1. 1.Representing surfaces, polygon surface
  2. 2.Surface normal and spatial orientation
  3. 3.Wireframe representation, blobby objects
  4. 4.Parametric cubic curves, spline representation
  5. 5.Hermite curves, Bezier curve
  6. 6.Binary space partition trees, octree representation
  7. 7.Back face detection algorithm
  8. 8.Depth buffer (Z-buffer) algorithm
  9. 9.A-buffer and scan-line algorithms
6.4Illumination Models and Surface RenderingAItE0604
  1. 1.Basic illumination models (ambient light, diffuse reflection, specular reflection, Phong model)
  2. 2.Intensity attenuation and color consideration
  3. 3.Constant intensity shading
  4. 4.Gouraud shading
  5. 5.Phong shading and fast Phong shading
6.5Introduction to MultimediaAItE0605
  1. 1.Global structure of multimedia, medium, multimedia system and properties
  2. 2.Concepts of sound system
  3. 3.Image and graphics format
  4. 4.Image synthesis, analysis and transmission
  5. 5.Video signal representation, computer video format
  6. 6.Computer-based animation, animation language
  7. 7.Methods of controlling animation, display and transmission of animation
6.6Data Compression, User Interfaces and Multimedia ApplicationAItE0606
  1. 1.Coding requirements
  2. 2.Lossy sequential DCT-based mode
  3. 3.JPEG and MPEG format
  4. 4.Basic user interface design issues
  5. 5.Video and audio at the user interface
  6. 6.Media preparation, composition, integration and communication
  7. 7.Media entertainment
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7.1Introduction to Data Structure, List, Linked Lists and TreesACtE0701
  1. 1.Data types, data structures and abstract data types
  2. 2.Time and space analysis of algorithms (Big O, omega, theta)
  3. 3.Linear data structure (stack and queue implementation)
  4. 4.Stack application: infix to postfix conversion, postfix evaluation
  5. 5.Array implementation of lists
  6. 6.Static and dynamic list structure
  7. 7.Types of linked list: singly, doubly, circular
  8. 8.Basic operations on linked list
  9. 9.Concept of tree, binary tree operations, tree traversals
  10. 10.Height, level and depth of a tree, AVL balanced trees
7.2Sorting, Searching and GraphsACtE0702
  1. 1.Types of sorting: internal and external
  2. 2.Insertion, selection, exchange, merge, radix sort
  3. 3.Shell sort, heap sort as a priority queue
  4. 4.Big O notation and efficiency of sorting
  5. 5.Sequential search, binary search, tree search
  6. 6.Hashing: hash function, hash tables, collision resolution
  7. 7.Undirected and directed graphs, representation of graph
  8. 8.Transitive closure, Warshall's algorithm
  9. 9.DFS and BFS traversal
  10. 10.Topological sorting, minimum spanning trees (Prim's, Kruskal's)
  11. 11.Shortest-path algorithm (Greedy, Dijkstra's)
7.3Introduction to Data Models, Normalization and SQLACtE0703
  1. 1.Data abstraction and data independence
  2. 2.Schema and instances, E-R model
  3. 3.Strong and weak entity sets, attributes and keys
  4. 4.Different normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF)
  5. 5.Functional dependencies, integrity constraints
  6. 6.DDL and DML commands, views, assertions and triggering
  7. 7.Relational algebra
  8. 8.Query cost estimation, query optimization
7.4Transaction Processing, Concurrency Control and Crash RecoveryACtE0704
  1. 1.ACID properties
  2. 2.Concurrent executions
  3. 3.Serializability concept
  4. 4.Lock based protocols
  5. 5.Deadlock handling and prevention
  6. 6.Failure classification
  7. 7.Recovery and atomicity
  8. 8.Log-based recovery
7.5Introduction to Operating System and Process ManagementACtE0705
  1. 1.Evolution and types of operating system
  2. 2.OS components, structure and services
  3. 3.Introduction to process, process description, process states, process control
  4. 4.Threads, processes and threads
  5. 5.Types of scheduling
  6. 6.Principles of concurrency, critical region, race condition
  7. 7.Mutual exclusion, semaphores and mutex
  8. 8.Message passing, monitors
  9. 9.Classical problems of synchronization
7.6Memory Management, File Systems and System AdministrationACtE0706
  1. 1.Memory address, swapping and managing free memory space
  2. 2.Virtual memory management, demand paging
  3. 3.Page replacement algorithms
  4. 4.Introduction to file, directory and file paths
  5. 5.File system implementation
  6. 6.Impact of allocation policy on fragmentation
  7. 7.File system performance
  8. 8.Administration tasks, user account management
  9. 9.Start and shutdown procedures
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8.1Software Process and RequirementsACtE0801
  1. 1.Software characteristics and quality attributes
  2. 2.Software process models (Agile, V-Model, Iterative, Prototype, Big Bang)
  3. 3.Computer-aided software engineering
  4. 4.Functional and non-functional requirements
  5. 5.User requirements, system requirement, interface specification
  6. 6.Software requirements documents
  7. 7.Requirements elicitation, analysis, validation and management
8.2Software DesignACtE0802
  1. 1.Design process, concepts, mode and heuristic
  2. 2.Architectural design decisions, system organization
  3. 3.Modular decomposition styles, control styles
  4. 4.Reference architectures, multiprocessor architecture
  5. 5.Client-server architectures, distributed object architectures
  6. 6.Inter-organizational distributed computing
  7. 7.Real-time software design
  8. 8.Component-based software engineering
8.3Software Testing, Cost Estimation, Quality and Configuration ManagementACtE0803
  1. 1.Unit, integration, system, component, acceptance testing
  2. 2.Test case design, test automation, metrics for testing
  3. 3.Algorithmic cost modeling, project duration and staffing
  4. 4.Software quality assurance, formal technical reviews
  5. 5.ISO standards, CMMI, SQA plan
  6. 6.Configuration management planning, change management
  7. 7.Version and release management, CASE tools
8.4Object-Oriented Fundamentals and AnalysisACtE0804
  1. 1.Defining models, requirement process, use cases
  2. 2.Object oriented development cycle
  3. 3.Unified Modeling Language (UML)
  4. 4.Building conceptual model
  5. 5.Adding associations and attributes
  6. 6.Representation of system behavior
8.5Object-Oriented DesignACtE0805
  1. 1.Analysis to design
  2. 2.Describing and elaborating use cases
  3. 3.Collaboration diagram
  4. 4.Objects and patterns
  5. 5.Determining visibility
  6. 6.Class diagram
8.6Object-Oriented Design ImplementationACtE0806
  1. 1.Programming and development process
  2. 2.Mapping design to code
  3. 3.Creating class definitions from design class diagrams
  4. 4.Creating methods from collaboration diagram
  5. 5.Updating class definitions, classes in code
  6. 6.Exception and error handling
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9.1Introduction of Information Theory and SignalsAItE0901
  1. 1.Measure of information, information source entropy, information rate
  2. 2.Digital and analog systems, communication system
  3. 3.Channel capacity and ideal communication systems
  4. 4.Properties of signals and noise
  5. 5.Fourier transform and spectra
  6. 6.Power spectral density and autocorrelation function
  7. 7.Fourier series, bandwidth of signals
9.2Principles of Signaling and CircuitsAItE0902
  1. 1.Pulse amplitude modulation, pulse code modulation
  2. 2.Digital signaling, line codes and spectra
  3. 3.Inter-symbol interference, differential PCM, delta modulation
  4. 4.Time-division multiplexing, packet transmission
  5. 5.Pulse time modulation (PWM, PPM)
  6. 6.Complex envelope representation of bandpass waveforms
  7. 7.Phase locked loops and frequency synthesizers
  8. 8.Transmitters and receivers
9.3Principles of Signaling and Source CodingAItE0903
  1. 1.Transmission impairments, source coding
  2. 2.Shannon's encoding algorithm
  3. 3.Shannon-Fano encoding algorithm
  4. 4.Huffman codes
  5. 5.Shannon channel capacity theorem
  6. 6.Signal classification: periodic/non-periodic, deterministic/random
  7. 7.Energy and power signals
  8. 8.Continuous and discrete time signals and systems
9.4Impairments, Error Handling and Compression TechniquesAItE0904
  1. 1.Attenuation and distortion, delay distortion
  2. 2.Noise and types, interference, crosstalk
  3. 3.Types of error and detection/correction methods
  4. 4.Hamming codes, checksum, CRC
  5. 5.Convolution codes
  6. 6.Types of data compression techniques
9.5Data Link Control and ProtocolAItE0905
  1. 1.Flow control: stop-and-wait, sliding window
  2. 2.Error control: Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
  3. 3.Stop-and-wait ARQ
  4. 4.Sliding window ARQ
  5. 5.Asynchronous and synchronous protocols and their types
9.6Data Encoding and ModulationAItE0906
  1. 1.Encoding vs modulation
  2. 2.Encoding of digital data as digital signals and techniques
  3. 3.Amplitude, frequency, and phase shift keying
  4. 4.Pulse code and delta modulation
  5. 5.Analog modulation (AM, FM, PM)
  6. 6.Digital modulation methods
  7. 7.Types and standard modems
  8. 8.Multilevel modulation, differential PSK, QPSK modem
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10.1Engineering Drawings and Its ConceptsAALL1001
  1. 1.Fundamentals of standard drawing sheets, dimensions, scale
  2. 2.Line diagram, orthographic projection
  3. 3.Isometric projection/view, pictorial views
  4. 4.Sectional drawing
10.2Engineering EconomicsAALL1002
  1. 1.Understanding of project cash flow
  2. 2.Discount rate, interest and time value of money
  3. 3.Discounted payback period, NPV, IRR and MARR
  4. 4.Comparison of alternatives
  5. 5.Depreciation system and taxation system in Nepal
10.3Project Planning and SchedulingAALL1003
  1. 1.Project classifications, project life cycle phases
  2. 2.Project planning process
  3. 3.Project scheduling (bar chart, CPM, PERT)
  4. 4.Resources levelling and smoothing
  5. 5.Monitoring, evaluation and controlling
10.4Project ManagementAALL1004
  1. 1.Information system
  2. 2.Project risk analysis and management
  3. 3.Project financing
  4. 4.Tender and its process
  5. 5.Contract management
10.5Engineering Professional PracticeAALL1005
  1. 1.Environment and society
  2. 2.Professional ethics
  3. 3.Regulatory environment
  4. 4.Contemporary issues/problems in engineering
  5. 5.Occupational health and safety
  6. 6.Roles/responsibilities of Nepal Engineers Association (NEA)
10.6Engineering Regulatory BodyAALL1006
  1. 1.Nepal Engineering Council (Acts & Regulations)
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