Chapter 7 · MCQ Read Mode

Spatial Data Management System and Spatial Data Infrastructure

A database is best defined as:

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the database approach over file processing?

The property of a transaction that guarantees it is completed entirely or not at all is:

The ANSI/SPARC architecture consists of:

The ability to change the physical storage without altering application programs is called:

CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE belong to which group of SQL statements?

GRANT and REVOKE statements belong to:

The component of a DBMS that prevents two users from corrupting the same record simultaneously provides:

Metadata describing the tables, columns and constraints of a database is held in the:

A spatial DBMS differs from an ordinary DBMS mainly by providing:

A view in a database is:

The person responsible for the security, backup and performance of a database is the:

The spatial extension of SQL defining geometry types and ST_ functions is standardised by:

A spatial data infrastructure consists of:

The SDI principle 'collect once, use many times' means that data should be:

Which of the following is a framework (fundamental) dataset of an SDI?

The international standard for geographic metadata is:

Metadata is best described as:

Metadata that allows a user to judge whether a dataset is fit for a particular purpose is called:

A catalogue of datasets in an SDI is searched using the OGC service:

Agreement on the meaning of terms and classifications between different datasets is:

Delivering data in a common format such as GML over a standard service provides:

Open data in an SDI context means data that are:

Which component of an SDI is usually the most difficult to establish?

A dataset without metadata is problematic mainly because:

The ISO standard that defines the XML encoding for transporting geographic features is:

The three components of a data model are:

In the hierarchical data model, records are organised as a:

The data model that represents data as tables related by primary and foreign keys is the:

Spatial databases such as PostGIS are based on the:

In an ER diagram, a many-to-many relationship between two entities is implemented in tables by:

A foreign key is used to:

Which diagram type from UML is most used for conceptual data modelling in ISO 19100 standards?

A table is in first normal form when:

Removing a transitive dependency of a non-key attribute on another non-key attribute produces:

The main aim of normalization is to:

An entity that cannot be identified without reference to another entity is called a:

Multiplicity '0..*' on a UML association means:

Denormalization of a database is sometimes accepted in order to:

SQL is described as a declarative language because the user specifies:

Entity integrity in a relational database requires that:

Which SQL constraint enforces referential integrity?

In the statement SELECT … FROM … WHERE … GROUP BY … HAVING …, the HAVING clause:

Which is the correct logical order of evaluation?

An INNER JOIN between two tables returns:

To keep all rows of the first table even when there is no match in the second, use a:

Which aggregate function returns the number of rows in a group?

To find rows where a text column begins with 'Kath', the correct predicate is:

A null value in SQL must be tested with:

Executing DELETE FROM parcel; without a WHERE clause will:

CREATE INDEX on a frequently searched column is used to:

Which data type should be used for an area value requiring exact decimal storage?

Modern spatial databases such as PostGIS are implemented as:

Which is NOT one of the basic OGC simple feature geometry types?

The SRID stored with a geometry identifies its:

The well-known text (WKT) representation POINT(85.32 27.71) specifies a:

A continuous phenomenon such as elevation is best represented by the:

The formal framework defining spatial predicates such as contains and touches is the:

A spatial join differs from an ordinary join because it matches rows using:

Spatial indexes in PostGIS are usually created as:

The filter step of a spatial query uses:

Tobler's first law of geography states that:

Moran's I is a measure of:

DBSCAN is an algorithm used for:

The PostGIS function that changes the coordinate reference system of a geometry is:

An NSDI is best described as the:

The lead agency for the national spatial data infrastructure of a country is usually the:

A custodian in an NSDI is the organisation responsible for:

The most common reason for an NSDI to fail is:

Metadata in an NSDI should be created:

The clearinghouse of an NSDI provides mainly:

In the NSDI architecture, data physically remain:

Which OGC service would a geoportal use to let users search for datasets?

A user who needs the actual vector features for analysis, not just a picture, should use:

Open data policies in an NSDI aim to:

Which application of the NSDI is of particular importance in Nepal?

A benefit of an NSDI to government is that it:

Sustainability of an NSDI depends most on: