Question 1 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
A cadastre is best described as:
AA topographic map series
BA parcel-based, up-to-date land information system recording interests in land
CA register of buildings only
DA list of taxpayers without maps
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Question 2 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
The basic unit of a cadastre is the:
ALand parcel
BSurvey sheet
CVillage
DDistrict
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Question 3 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
Which of the following is NOT a component of a cadastral system?
AThe cadastral register/record
BThe cadastral map
CThe national topographic map series
DThe legal and institutional framework
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Question 4 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
The modern parcel-based cadastre originated with the:
ARoman groma survey
BTorrens system (1858)
CDomesday Book
DNapoleonic cadastre of France (1807)
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Question 5 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
In Nepal, the ownership certificate issued to a land owner is called the:
AKitta number
BField book
CLalpurja
DTrace map
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Question 6 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
The parcel number used in Nepali cadastral records is known as the:
ARopani number
BWard number
CKitta number
DSheet number
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Question 7 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
Transfer of ownership recorded in Nepali land records after a sale or inheritance is called:
ASubdivision (kitta kat)
BConsolidation
CMutation (namsari)
DAcquisition
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Question 8 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
Cadastral survey and mapping in Nepal is carried out by the:
ASurvey Department and its survey offices
BLand Revenue (Malpot) Offices
CNepal Rastra Bank
DDepartment of Roads
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Question 9 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
A general boundary, as opposed to a fixed boundary, is one that:
ACan never be changed
BIs precisely surveyed and legally guaranteed
CIs defined by physical features and shown approximately on the map
DHas no legal meaning at all
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Question 10 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
The international standard data model for land administration is:
ALADAR
BWGS84
CISO 9001
DLADM (ISO 19152)
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Question 11 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
Fit-for-purpose land administration emphasises: quickly
AAbandoning all legal frameworks
BFlexible, affordable and participatory methods such as orthophoto-based mapping to record rights
CMapping at 1:50 000 scale
DOnly high-precision fixed-boundary surveys
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Question 12 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
Public display of the cadastral map and field book with a hearing of objections is carried out:
AOnly for government land
BOnly after ten years of use
CNever, to avoid disputes
DBefore the records are finalised and certificates issued
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Question 13 of 78Introduction to Cadastre
A typical scale for cadastral mapping in dense urban areas is:
A1:25 000
B1:500
C1:50 000
D1:250 000
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Question 14 of 78Land Administration
Land administration is defined as the processes of recording and disseminating information about:
AOnly the value of buildings
BThe ownership, value and use of land
COnly the ownership of land
DThe topography of the country
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Question 15 of 78Land Administration
Which of the following is NOT one of the four functions of land administration?
AVehicle registration
BLand use
CLand value
DLand tenure
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Question 16 of 78Land Administration
The main objective of land reform is to:
AImprove equity, tenure security and productivity in the use of land
BAbolish all private ownership
CIncrease the number of survey sheets
DRaise map accuracy
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Question 17 of 78Land Administration
The Land Act of Nepal that introduced ceilings on land holdings and tenancy rights was enacted in:
A2019 B.S. (1963)
B2034 B.S. (1977)
C2021 B.S. (1964)
D2076 B.S. (2019)
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Question 18 of 78Land Administration
The Birta system in Nepal was:
AIntroduced in 2021 B.S.
BAbolished as part of land reform
CA modern land information system
DA method of cadastral survey
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Question 19 of 78Land Administration
Dual ownership in Nepali land reform refers to the situation where:
ALand is owned by a Guthi
BBoth the landowner and the registered tenant hold rights in the same parcel
CTwo people buy a plot together
DA parcel is mapped on two sheets
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Question 20 of 78Land Administration
Land is considered a good base for taxation mainly because it is:
AEasily hidden
BImmovable and visible, so the tax is hard to evade
COf constant value everywhere
DNot owned by anyone
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Question 21 of 78Land Administration
The tax paid at the time of registering the transfer of a land parcel is the:
ARegistration fee (stamp duty)
BAnnual land revenue
CCapital gains tax only
DBetterment levy
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Question 22 of 78Land Administration
A common practical problem of land taxation in developing countries is:
AAssessed values far below market values
BValues far above market value
CAbsence of any land
DToo frequent revaluation
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Question 23 of 78Land Administration
Informal land markets arise mainly where:
AAll land is owned by the state
BRights are unregistered and transfer procedures are costly or slow
CLand records are complete and cheap to use
DValuation is accurate
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Question 24 of 78Land Administration
Which factor most strongly influences the price of urban land?
ALocation and accessibility with available services
BThe colour of the soil
CThe direction of the survey
DThe age of the cadastral sheet
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Question 25 of 78Land Administration
Conversion of agricultural land into residential plots on the fringes of Kathmandu is mainly driven by:
AA shortage of surveyors
BSpeculation and demand for urban housing
CGovernment prohibition of building
DFalling land prices
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Question 26 of 78Land Administration
A well-functioning formal land market requires above all:
AHigh transfer taxes
BProhibition of mortgages
CSecure, transferable rights and reliable public land information
DSecret land records
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Question 27 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
AThe physical quality of the soil
BThe area of a parcel
CThe relationship among people with respect to land and the rules governing rights in it
DThe method of cadastral survey
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Question 28 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
AGovernment forest land
BLand held by foreign nationals
CLand owned by tenants
DLand endowed to a religious or philanthropic trust
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Question 29 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
The communal tenure historically held by certain ethnic communities in Nepal, later converted to Raikar, was:
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Question 30 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
Registered tenancy rights in Nepali land law are known as:
AGuthi rights
BMohiyani (mohi) rights
CBirta rights
DKitta rights
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Question 31 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
Tenure security is important mainly because it:
AEncourages investment and allows land to be used as collateral
BEliminates the need for registration
CIncreases the number of parcels
DReduces the accuracy required in survey
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Question 32 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
In a deed registration system, what is recorded is:
AOnly the map of the parcel
BThe right itself, guaranteed by the state
COnly the tax paid
DThe transaction document, without a state guarantee of the right
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Question 33 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
The Torrens system is an example of:
ALand consolidation
BInformal tenure
CDeed registration
DTitle registration
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Question 34 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
The 'mirror principle' of title registration means that the register:
AIs a photographic copy of the map
BHides earlier transactions
CProvides compensation for errors
DReflects accurately and completely the current facts about the title
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Question 35 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
The 'curtain principle' implies that a purchaser:
AMust search the whole chain of deeds
BMust obtain a court order
CNeed not investigate transactions behind the register
DCannot inspect the register
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Question 36 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
Compensation to a person who suffers loss because the register was wrong is provided under the:
ACurtain principle
BMutation principle
CMirror principle
DInsurance (guarantee) principle
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Question 37 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
A major demerit of title registration is that it:
AGives no certainty of ownership
BCannot support mortgages
CRequires a chain of title searches
DIs expensive and slow to establish, needing systematic survey and adjudication
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Question 38 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
In Nepal, transactions in land are registered at the:
AMunicipality only
BLand Revenue (Malpot) Office
CDistrict Court only
DSurvey Office
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Question 39 of 78Land Tenure and Land Registration
The greatest practical danger to any land registration system is that:
ABoundaries are surveyed too accurately
BRegistration is compulsory
CThe register is not kept up to date with reality
DToo many people consult it
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Question 40 of 78Land Information System
A land information system differs from a general GIS mainly because it is:
AOnly used for topography
BParcel-based and legally oriented
CRestricted to raster data
DUnable to handle maps
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Question 41 of 78Land Information System
The most valuable and expensive component of a land information system is usually the:
AHardware
BSoftware
CData
DOffice furniture
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Question 42 of 78Land Information System
The element that links spatial and attribute records in an LIS is the:
AUnique parcel identifier
BSheet size
CName of the surveyor
DScale of the map
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Question 43 of 78Land Information System
Which of the following is a measure of data quality in an LIS?
ACurrency (up-to-dateness)
BThe number of computers
CThe colour of the map
DThe size of the office
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Question 44 of 78Land Information System
Information describing the content, quality and lineage of a dataset is called:
AAttribute data
BMetadata
CA parcel identifier
DRaster data
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Question 45 of 78Land Information System
Converting existing paper cadastral sheets into the LIS involves:
AScanning, digitising and georeferencing
BOnly typing owner names
CDeleting the old records
DOnly new field surveys
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Question 46 of 78Land Information System
Maintenance of an LIS should be:
ALimited to the attribute database
BTransaction-driven, updating spatial and textual records together
CLeft to the land owners
DCarried out once every twenty years
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Question 47 of 78Land Information System
An LIS that is not regularly updated:
ANeeds no legal framework
BIs preferred by banks
CBecomes more accurate with time
DQuickly loses its value and can mislead users
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Question 48 of 78Land Information System
Which stakeholder uses land information mainly to assess collateral?
AUtility companies
BThe judiciary
CBanks and financial institutions
DSchools
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Question 49 of 78Land Information System
Online search of parcel information and application for mutation are examples of:
AQuality control
BAdjudication
CDissemination through e-services
DData capture
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Question 50 of 78Land Information System
A policy issue in disseminating land information is the balance between:
AScale and projection
BMetres and feet
CRaster and vector formats
DTransparency and the privacy of personal data
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Question 51 of 78Land Information System
A pilot project is normally carried out before full LIS implementation in order to:
ADelay the project
BTest the design, workflows and costs on a limited area
CAvoid training staff
DReplace the legal framework
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Question 52 of 78Land Information System
The major institutional challenge for land records in Nepal is:
AExcessive accuracy of old maps
BToo few land transactions
CCoordination between the survey offices and the land revenue offices
DLack of any land parcels
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Question 53 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
The difference between land cover and land use is that land use describes:
AThe elevation of the land
BThe purpose for which people use the land
CThe soil type only
DThe physical material covering the ground
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Question 54 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
Land use planning is best described as:
ASurveying boundaries
BSystematic assessment of land potential and alternatives to select the best land use
CPreparing a cadastral map
DValuing land for taxation
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Question 55 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
The Act that requires classification of land into land use zones in Nepal is the:
ALand Revenue Act, 2034
BLand Use Act, 2076
CLand Act, 2021
DLand Acquisition Act, 2034
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Question 56 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
Land consolidation is mainly applied to:
AForest land only
BPublic buildings
CUrban unserviced land
DFragmented agricultural holdings in rural areas
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Question 57 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
In land pooling (land readjustment), the land owners:
AReceive smaller but serviced and more valuable plots after contributing land for infrastructure
BMust sell their land to the government
CRetain exactly the same plot
DAre paid full cash compensation and lose their land
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Question 58 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
A major advantage of land pooling over compulsory acquisition is that it:
ANeeds no planning
BRequires little or no cash compensation and keeps owners in the project
CAvoids the need for survey
DIs always faster
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Question 59 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
The FAO Voluntary Guidelines (VGGT) of 2012 deal with:
ABuilding materials
BMap projections
CResponsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests
DSatellite orbits
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Question 60 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
Which is the commonest cause of land disputes between neighbours?
ABoundary and encroachment disagreements
BMap projection differences
CSoil fertility
DDistance from the highway
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Question 61 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
The preferred first approach to resolving a land conflict is usually:
AImmediate court action
BEviction without notice
CNegotiation or mediation before going to court
DRe-survey of the whole district
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Question 62 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
The most widely used method of valuing residential land is the:
AComparative (sales comparison) method
BResidual method
CIncome capitalisation method
DProfit method
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Question 63 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
The income capitalisation method computes value as:
AArea multiplied by a fixed rate
BNet annual income divided by the capitalisation rate
CSale price minus development cost
DCost of construction plus land
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Question 64 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
Mass appraisal (CAMA) is used mainly for:
AValuing a single heritage building
BLand pooling design
CValuing large numbers of properties for taxation
DCadastral survey
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Question 65 of 78Land Use and Land Valuation
Compensation for land acquired for a public purpose in Nepal is determined under the:
ALand Acquisition Act, 2034
BGuthi Corporation Act, 2033
CCivil Code, 2074 only
DLand Use Act, 2076
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Question 66 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
The legal basis for cadastral survey in Nepal is the:
ALand (Survey and Measurement) Act, 2019
BLand Act, 2021
CLand Revenue Act, 2034
DLand Use Act, 2076
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Question 67 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Ceilings on land holdings and tenancy rights are provided by the:
ALand Use Act, 2076
BGuthi Corporation Act, 2033
CCivil Code, 2074
DLand Act, 2021
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Question 68 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Registration of land transactions and collection of land revenue are governed by the:
ALand Use Act, 2076
BPublic Roads Act
CLand Revenue Act, 2034
DLand Acquisition Act, 2034
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Question 69 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Acquisition of private land for a public purpose with compensation is governed by the:
ALand Acquisition Act, 2034
BLand Use Act, 2076
CLand Act, 2021
DLand (Survey and Measurement) Act, 2019
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Question 70 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Restrictions on plotting agricultural land and on changing land use are contained in the:
ALand Use Act, 2076 and its Regulation
BBuilding Act
CGuthi Corporation Act, 2033
DLand Revenue Act, 2034
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Question 71 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Management and protection of trust land in Nepal comes under the:
ALand Act, 2021
BGuthi Corporation Act, 2033
CForest Act
DCivil Code
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Question 72 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
The right to property in Nepal is guaranteed by the:
ALocal Government Operation Act, 2074
BConstitution of Nepal, 2072
CLand Revenue Act, 2034
DLand Use Policy, 2072
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Question 73 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Damaging or removing a cadastral boundary mark is:
AA punishable offence under the survey law
BPermitted with the owner's consent
CNot covered by any law
DAllowed during ploughing
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Question 74 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Public display of the cadastral records and an objection period are required because they:
AGive owners the opportunity to check and correct the records before finalisation
BDelay the survey deliberately
CReplace the need for demarcation
DRaise revenue
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Question 75 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
Property tax and building permits in Nepal are mainly the responsibility of:
AThe Survey Department
BNepal Rastra Bank
CLocal governments (municipalities and rural municipalities)
DThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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Question 76 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
The umbrella policy dealing with tenure security, land records modernisation and the landless is the:
AMonetary Policy
BNational Land Policy, 2075
CNational Building Code
DIndustrial Policy
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Question 77 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
A land development project may additionally require:
ANo approval of any kind
BOnly a survey certificate
CApproval of the Survey Department alone
DEnvironmental assessment (IEE/EIA) under the Environment Protection Act
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Question 78 of 78Land Related Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations
When quoting provisions of Nepali land law in practice, an engineer should:
AAssume the law never changes
BRely on an old textbook
CUse Indian law instead
DCheck the latest amendments of the Act and Rules
Answer is hidden