Chapter 9 · MCQ Read Mode

Control and Communication Systemsfor BME

A transfer function is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output to that of the input:

A linear time-invariant system is stable if and only if all its poles lie:

The characteristic equation of a system is obtained by:

The step response of a first-order system reaches what percentage of its final value in one time constant?

Two blocks with transfer functions G1 and G2 connected in cascade have an overall transfer function of:

The closed-loop transfer function of a system with forward gain G and negative feedback H is:

In the state-space representation, the number of state variables equals the:

The standard state equation of a linear system is written as:

The poles of a system described in state space are the:

A principal advantage of the state-space approach over the transfer function approach is that it:

The final value theorem allows the steady-state value of a response to be found by:

Which is a correct example of open-loop control?

Compartmental pharmacokinetic models used in target-controlled infusion are an application of:

In a mechanical system, the force developed by a damper is proportional to:

Two springs of stiffness k1 and k2 connected in parallel have an equivalent stiffness of:

The natural frequency of a mass-spring system is given by:

For the standard second-order system, the damping ratio is expressed as:

A second-order system with a damping ratio of 0.5 will show a step response that is:

Critical damping is defined as the condition giving:

Measuring instruments are usually designed with a damping ratio of about 0.6 to 0.7 because this gives:

An arterial pressure monitoring line containing air bubbles becomes over-damped, which will:

In the force-voltage analogy, mass is analogous to:

In the force-voltage analogy, the damper is analogous to:

The Windkessel model of the arterial system represents the arterial tree as:

A spring and damper connected in series constitutes which viscoelastic model?

Which element of a mechanical system stores potential energy?

Linearization of a non-linear system produces a model that is valid:

The frequency response of a system is obtained from its transfer function by substituting:

On a Bode magnitude plot, a single pole contributes an asymptotic slope of:

At the corner frequency of a simple pole, the actual magnitude differs from the asymptote by:

Increasing the gain K of a system shifts the Bode magnitude plot upward and:

Increasing the time constant of a first-order system will:

The phase margin of a system is measured at the frequency where the:

An integrator (1/s) contributes a constant phase shift of:

Which control action can completely eliminate steady-state error?

The principal disadvantage of derivative control action is that it:

A patient monitor controller shows persistent offset from the setpoint despite a stable response. Which term should be added?

Integral wind-up occurs when:

The Ziegler-Nichols closed-loop tuning method determines controller settings from:

The principal advantage of digital over analogue communication is that:

According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem, channel capacity increases:

Optical fibre is particularly valuable for carrying signals across a patient isolation barrier because it:

In a superheterodyne receiver, all the gain and selectivity are provided at:

In a superheterodyne receiver, the local oscillator is:

The standard intermediate frequency for broadcast AM receivers is:

The image frequency in a superheterodyne receiver lies at the signal frequency plus:

Image frequency rejection in a superheterodyne receiver is improved by:

The function of a limiter in an FM receiver is to:

The main drawback of a tuned radio frequency receiver compared with a superheterodyne is its:

Phase distortion in a transmission channel is important for biomedical signals because it:

A class C amplifier is commonly used in the output stage of a transmitter because it:

The sensitivity of a receiver is limited principally by:

The principal reason for modulating a low-frequency signal onto a high-frequency carrier is:

An amplitude-modulated wave has a maximum envelope of 12 V and a minimum of 4 V. The modulation index is:

If an AM transmitter is over-modulated so that m exceeds 1, the result is:

The bandwidth of an AM signal modulated by a 5 kHz tone is:

At 100 per cent modulation, the proportion of total AM transmitted power carried in the sidebands is:

In frequency modulation, the frequency deviation is proportional to the:

Carson's rule states that the bandwidth of an FM signal is approximately:

The total transmitted power of a frequency-modulated signal:

FM is less susceptible to noise than AM principally because:

The capture effect in an FM receiver refers to its tendency to:

Which of the following is a form of distortion rather than noise?

Thermal (Johnson) noise voltage in a resistor is proportional to the square root of:

Averaging 100 repeated evoked potential sweeps improves the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of:

The Nyquist sampling theorem states that a band-limited signal can be exactly reconstructed if it is sampled at a rate:

The spectrum of a sampled signal consists of:

A 600 Hz signal component is sampled at 1,000 Hz. It will appear in the sampled data as:

The essential problem with aliasing is that it:

An anti-aliasing filter must be placed:

The Nyquist frequency is defined as:

The purpose of a sample-and-hold circuit before an analogue-to-digital converter is to:

A 12-bit analogue-to-digital converter provides how many quantisation levels?

Each additional bit of resolution in an analogue-to-digital converter improves the signal-to-noise ratio by approximately:

A diagnostic ECG containing components up to 150 Hz should be sampled at a rate of at least:

If an ECG is sampled at too low a rate without adequate filtering, muscle artefact and mains interference will:

Oversampling followed by digital filtering and decimation is used because it:

Bandpass (undersampling) is a technique in which a signal is sampled:

The Fourier Transform is used to:

When a square wave is applied to an integrator op-amp circuit, the output is:

The Z-transform is primarily used for:

Interleaving in digital communications provides what type of diversity?

In FDM, increasing the modulation index results in:

Adding zeros to the end of a discrete signal before taking its DFT is called:

In TDM (Time Division Multiplexing), the component essential for recovering individual channels at the receiver is:

In a common-collector (emitter follower) BJT amplifier, the phase relationship between input and output is: