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Architecture — Syllabus
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10 chapters
1.1 Architecture of Nepal during the Licchavi, Malla, Shah and Rana periodsAArc0101
- 1.Materials, technology and elements of Nepalese Architecture during the above-mentioned periods. Traditional building materials (brick, stone, timber and metal), their types and application. Traditional timber construction of Nepal (focus on various elements such as doors, windows, posts, beams, roofs and carving)
1.2Traditional Nepalese architectural typologiesAArc0102
- 1.Residential, Religious (Tiered Temples, Shikhara Temples, Stupas and Chaityas, Dyo Chen, Maths), Bahals, Bahils, Palaces, Urban Architecture (Patis, Dabalis, Lachi, Nani, chowks, dhunge dharas, Mandaps and Sattals) with reference to geometrical forms, elemental details, materials, scale and proportion & their use.
1.3Vernacular architecture of different physiographic regions of NepalAArc0103
- 1.General architectural typologies of the same areas. Functional, technological & aesthetic dimensions of Ethnic houses of Nepal
1.4Nepalese world heritage sites and their conservationAArc0104
- 1.Criteria and procedure for nomination and enlisting in World Heritage Site. General Byelaws and Building Control Norms for the same. Materials, Techniques and protection measures used in Conservation in Nepal: traditional and modern. International Principles of Architectural Conservation, Philosophy of Conservation; the Process of Conservation: Inventory, Inspection, Documentation and Degrees of Intervention applicable for a conservation project.
1.5Prevailing zoning ordinances and building regulationsAArc0105
- 1.knowledge of FAR, ground coverage, set back, ROW, light plane, prevailing area measurement systems and units.
1.6Nepalese building typologies, concepts of ownership, legal rights and tenureAArc0106
- 1.Residential, Apartment, Group Housing, Commercial, Mixed Use, Institutional, Industrial.
2.1StoneAArc0201
- 1.Types used for architectural works; quarrying, seasoning and dressing. Brick: Constituents, character and local manufacture/ making process, testing of bricks, brick masonry. Timber: Seasoning and Preservation of Timber. Use of Timber in Construction works. Metals and Alloys: Types, use of same as structural and in other construction works.
2.2 LimeAArc0202
- 1.Constituents, properties, use and application. Cement: Constituents, properties, manufacturing processes, packing and storage, testing of cement, use and application as cement mortar, cement plaster, cement paint. Concrete: constituents, mixing matrix, grading of aggregates, compacting and curing; properties in plastic and hardened state; slump test.
2.3 Walls and openingsAArc0203
- 1.Masonry, cavity, partition and curtain walls. Different types of timber and metal doors and windows. Finishing and Cladding Materials: Paints and varnishes, plasters, wall and floor 2 finishes, cladding and false ceilings, glass & Pre-fabricated building materials.
2.4Foundation worksAArc0204
- 1.Types, functions, characteristics: strip, pad, combined, balanced, cantilever and raft foundations. Deep foundation types and materials used. Basic Concepts of Retaining Walls and basement constructions. Temporary Works: Shoring, underpinning, scaffolding, their types and need. Formwork: materials used, characteristics and requirements.
2.5Concrete worksAArc0205
- 1. R.C.C. foundations, R.C.C floors, concrete stairs; Construction joints and their locations; Concrete frames; Concrete block masonry. Steel: Types of steel structural members: beams, columns, and girders. Types of truss. Rivets and welding methods
2.6Preventive measures in buildingsAArc0206
- 1.Fire Prevention through design, material choice and construction. Damp proofing and insulating materials and technologies. Preventive measures for rotting, corrosion, efflorescence, leaching, staining and rusting. Basic knowledge of services in Buildings: mechanical, electrical & plumbing (MEP), its planning & design (lifts and escalators, solar & rain water harvesting, water supply distribution in a residential building (w/c, kitchen, septic tank, soak pit design & solid waste management).
3.1Overview of ancient architectureAArc0301
- 1.Egypt, Greece, Rome with focus on materials, technology and architectural typologies. Overview of Medieval Period: Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance Architecture with focus on materials, technology and architectural examples
3.2Eastern architectureAArc0302
- 1.Buddhist architectural typologies, construction materials; Hindu temple architecture; Vaastu Shastra & Mughal architectural typologies
3.3Doctrinal theories of architecture and designAArc0303
- 1.various movements of Modern and Post-Modern Period and architectural examples of the same period.
3.4Philosophies, design theories and works of master and modern architectsAArc0304
- 1.Mies Van Der Rohe, Walter Gropius, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Philip Johnson, Louis Khan, Alvar Aalto, Kenzo Tange, Tadao Ando, Charles Correa, Robert Ventury, Michael Graves, etc.).
3.5Emerging concepts of contemporary architectsAArc0305
- 1. (Zaha Hadid, Norman Foster, Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano, Rem Koolhas, Santiago Calatrava, Charles Correa, B.V. Doshi, Geoffrey Bawa, etc.): Basic architectural concepts of aesthetics, visual appropriateness, social milieu, universal design, mass and void, space and place, anthropometry, design thumb rules and universal standards.
3.6Overview of Nepalese modern and contemporary architectureAArc0306
- 1.Concepts, design philosophies and works of prominent Nepalese Architects.
4.1Principles of compositionAArc0401
- 1.Axis, Datum, Hierarchy, Symmetry, Emphasis, Balance, Harmony, Rhythm; Scale and Proportion; Colours, Colour Wheel, Colour Schemes, texture; shade and sociography
4.2Theory and principles of projectionAArc0402
- 1. Orthographic, pictorial projection and perspective projections (at various eye levels). Concept of different scales and different systems of dimension of geometrical figures and building drawings.
4.3Basic understanding of architectural drawingsAArc0403
- 1.Master Plan, Site plan, floor plans, elevations & sections.
4.4Basics of architectural design processAArc0404
- 1.Basic vocabularies/principles in architecture, understanding basic literature/case studies, its analysis & concept formulation through bubble diagram
4.5 Basics of computer graphics (CAD)AArc0405
- 1.Application of CAD to prepare Two-Dimensional and Three- 3 Dimensional architectural drawing, modeling and rendering
4.6Small design projectsAArc0406
- 1. basic two-dimensional designs, basic volume composition incorporating mass & voids, architectural design such as: guard house, bus stop, studio, residence, café/ restaurant & primary school, etc.
5.1Advanced understanding of architectural drawingsAArc0501
- 1.Detailed Master Plan, Site plan, floor plans, elevations, sections with its details and their representation.
5.2Architectural design process (advance)AArc0502
- 1. advanced interpretation of basic vocabularies, tangible & intangible aspects of design, detailed literature/case studies & analysis, concept formulation and design synthesis incorporating design theories (concepts of aesthetics, visual appropriateness, social milieu), Universal Design standards.
5.3Advanced computer graphicsAArc0503
- 1.Rendering software’s such as Sketchup, Photoshop, V-ray, Lumion, Revit, etc. to prepare advanced Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional architectural drawing, modeling and rendering
5.4Municipal set of architectural drawingsAArc0504
- 1. including structural, sanitation and electrical drawings and general documents of supporting report.
5.5Construction detail drawingAArc0505
- 1.working drawing its details with elemental details, graphical representation of supportive services in architectural design and drawings
5.6Complex design projectsAArc0506
- 1.Advanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional designs, volumetric composition incorporating mass & voids, architectural designs such as: High School, Commercial, Museum, Community Center, Sports Center etc).
6.1FundamentalsAArc0601
- 1. Basic knowledge of center of gravity, moment of inertia; stresses and strains, theory of torsion and flexure. Analysis of beams and frames: bending moment, shear force and deflection of beams and frames.
6.2Steel structures (basic design and calculationsAArc0602
- 1.Design in structural steel (including truss design) with various components, their structural functions. Basic design procedures and calculations for simple structural components in Concrete. Design of R.C.C. beams, one-way and two-way slabs, columns and footing for isolated columns. Detailing of reinforcement.
6.3Introduction, basic principles and classification of surveysAArc0603
- 1. Linear measurement techniques; Leveling; Calculation of area and volume: methods of area calculation of land, methods of area and volume calculation of cut and fill. Types of estimates and their specific uses. Methods of calculating quantities. Key components of estimating norms and rate analysis. Preparation of bill of quantities. Purpose, types and importance of specification.
6.4Basic concepts of climatologyAArc0604
- 1. Solar Radiation, Solar Chart, Solar Altitude, Solar Azimuth, Wall Azimuth, Shadow Angles, absorption and reflection on earth. Concepts of Thermal Aspects, heat transmission, absorptivity, reflectivity and emissivity. Thermal control techniques in varied climatic conditions.
6.5Lighting and acousticsAArc0605
- 1.Natural and artificial lighting: Principles of architectural lighting. Artificial lighting design: Illumination design and calculation. Basic concepts of Acoustics design and Insulation: factors effecting good acoustic design of a hall.
6.6Passive methods of energy conservation for heating and cooling in a buildingAArc0606
- 1.Climate and Site 4 response; Design Solutions with respect to different climatic conditions (in mountain, hill and terai).
7.1Planning concepts and theoretical models of planningAArc0701
- 1.Morphology of the city and processes in city growth. Theoretical models of planning coined by Sir Patric Gedds, Sir Ebenezer Howard, CA Perry, Lewis Mumford
7.2Urbanization, development plans and planning practices in NepalAArc0702
- 1. National plan, regional plan, planning hierarchy, master plan, structure plan, zonal development plan, local development plan, land use planning.
7.3Demography/population studiesAArc0703
- 1.survey, statistical analysis -mean/mode/medium, standard deviation. Population projection, growth rate & demand forecasts and its relevance in design and planning.
7.4Land developmentAArc0704
- 1.Knowledge of GLD, Site and Services, Land Pooling, Slums and Squatters, housing and their application in Nepalese context.
7.5Basic concepts, fundamental principles and elements of urban designAArc0705
- 1.Knowledge of Image of a city and Place Making.
7.6Regulatory frameworksAArc0706
- 1.Planning Legislation, Policies Norms and Standards in Nepalese context.
8.1Site analysis and the relationship of natural systems componentsAArc0801
- 1.micro and macro climate, ecology, soils and subsurface conditions, physiographic, visual character and land use. Site Factors: parameters and geometric properties of a given site and contextual mapping of a site.
8.2Soil’s bearing capacity, topographyAArc0802
- 1.soil types, soil investigation, calculating and improving bearing capacity. Concepts of topography, landforms and contours.
8.3Synthesis and interpretation of site dataAArc0803
- 1.Design response through program 'fit' for site; Master planning, site planning, grading, site layout and setting out, excavation, trenching and drainage layout.
8.4Hard and soft landscape elements and their application:AArc0804
- 1.Design Resources involved in Landscaping: Landforms, water, vegetation, Surface Materials, Outdoor fittings, Construction materials, structures and installations
8.5Open spacesAArc0805
- 1.Types, Roles and importance; Historical use, nature and types of open spaces; Contemporary typologies of open spaces focusing on the urban context
8.6MiscellaneousAArc0806
- 1.Landscape typologies; Roof gardens, atriums, roadside plantations, avenues, indoor landscape, children’s play area, and design of the same. Understanding of Environment & Ecology for architectural design.
9.1Architecture, built environment and the societyAArc0901
- 1.Architecture and its relation with society, culture, community, caste, religion, social structure, technology and built environment.
9.2Architect as a professionAArc0902
- 1. its role and responsibility in the society; relation with client/employer, contractors and fellow professionals, potential areas of conflict.
9.3Understanding sociological and anthropological aspects in architectureAArc0903
- 1.Social philosophy of life 5 and its importance and impacts in building construction
9.4Business enterprise and its typesAArc0904
- 1.Property rights and inheritance, changing family structure in Nepalese context & its influence in architectural design.
9.5Regulatory controlsAArc0905
- 1.National Building Codes (mandatory- architectural code), Town planning Act, Shelter Policy, Housing and Apartment Act of Nepal, Company Act and Registration, Procurement Act & Consultancy Development Act.
9.6 Property assessment methods for land and buildingAArc0906
- 1.Valuation as per guidelines of the Nepal Rastra Bank.
10.1 Engineering drawings and its conceptsAALL1001
- 1.Fundamentals of standard drawing sheets, dimensions, scale, line diagram, orthographic projection, isometric projection/view, pictorial views, and sectional drawing.
10.2 Engineering EconomicsAALL1002
- 1. understanding of project cash flow; discount rate, interest and time value of money; basic methodologies for engineering economics analysis (Discounted Payback Period, NPV, IRR & MARR); comparison of alternatives, depreciation system and taxation system in Nepal
10.3 Project planning and schedulingAALL1003
- 1.project classifications; project life cycle phases; project planning process; project scheduling (bar chart, CPM, PERT); resources levelling and smoothing; monitoring/evaluation/controlling.
10.4Project managementAALL1004
- 1.Information system; project risk analysis and management; project financing, tender and its process, and contract management
10.5Engineering professional practiceAALL1005
- 1.Environment and society; professional ethics; regulatory environment; contemporary issues/problems in engineering; occupational health and safety; roles/responsibilities of Nepal Engineers Association (NEA).
10.6Engineering Regulatory BodyAALL1006
- 1.Nepal Engineering Council (Acts & Regulations).