Chapter 1 · MCQ Read Mode

Fundamentals of Surveying

The principle 'work from the whole to the part' is followed in surveying mainly to:

Plane surveying is generally considered suitable for areas up to about:

On a map of scale 1:1 000, one square centimetre represents a ground area of:

A map of scale 1:250 000 is described as a:

The fore bearing of a line is 48° 30′. Its back bearing, free from local attraction, is:

A prismatic compass reads bearings:

One radian is equal to approximately:

The number of grads in a full circle is:

One ropani is equal to:

One bigha is equal to:

The length of Gunter's chain is:

A graphical (bar) scale drawn on a map is useful because it:

The angle between true north and magnetic north at a place is called the:

Invar tapes are used for precise base-line measurement because invar has a very low:

The correction for sag of a suspended tape is:

If a 20 m chain is found to be 20.05 m long, the distance measured with it will be:

The correction for reducing a measured length to mean sea level is:

The temperature correction to a taped length is positive when:

The plane-table method used to fix an inaccessible point by drawing rays from two stations is:

Lehmann's rules are used in plane tabling for solving the:

In a prismatic compass, the graduated card is attached to the:

Local attraction at a station is detected when the difference between the fore bearing and back bearing of a line is:

The least count of a vernier theodolite whose main scale division is 20′ and which has 60 vernier divisions is:

Taking observations on both faces of a theodolite eliminates:

The method of repetition in theodolite work is used mainly to:

In stadia tacheometry with a horizontal sight, a staff intercept of 0.85 m with K = 100 and C = 0 gives a distance of:

In triangulation, the lengths of the sides are computed from:

The strongest figure used in triangulation is the:

A well-conditioned triangle in triangulation has angles:

In the strength-of-figure computation, a smaller value of R means the figure is:

In trilateration:

The sum of the interior angles of a closed traverse with 6 stations should be:

The algebraic sum of the deflection angles of a closed traverse is:

The latitude of a traverse line of length 100 m with a whole-circle bearing of 60° is:

The closing error of a closed traverse is computed as:

According to Bowditch's rule, the correction to the latitude of a traverse line is proportional to:

The transit rule of traverse adjustment is preferred when:

A traverse that starts and ends on two different known control points is called a:

The clearance required for intervisibility between two triangulation stations 20 km apart, allowing for curvature and refraction, is about:

The reading taken on a point of known elevation immediately after setting up the level is the:

In the height-of-instrument method of reduction, the arithmetic check is:

The rise-and-fall method of reduction is preferred to the height-of-instrument method because it:

The combined correction for curvature and refraction for a sight distance of 1 km is about:

The effect of the earth's curvature on a staff reading is to make it:

Keeping the back-sight and fore-sight distances equal eliminates the errors due to:

Reciprocal levelling is used when:

The two-peg test is carried out to check the:

Parallax in a levelling telescope is eliminated by:

An automatic (self-levelling) level maintains a horizontal line of sight by means of a:

In trigonometric levelling, the difference of elevation for a horizontal distance D and vertical angle θ is:

The permissible closing error in first-order precise levelling is of the order of:

A point on which both a fore sight and a back sight are taken is called a:

A contour is a line joining points of equal:

Contours that are closely spaced on a map indicate:

Two contour lines can cross each other only in the case of:

The V-shaped contours in a valley point:

A closed contour with lower values inside represents a:

The contour interval for a map of hilly terrain at small scale is generally:

In the direct method of contouring:

Contouring by taking levels at the corners of a grid of squares is an example of:

Intervisibility between two points can be checked from:

Permanent station marks in a topographic survey are established during:

The most common method of picking up detail in modern topographic surveys is:

Standard topographic map series of Nepal are published at scales of:

The horizontal distance between two successive contours is called the:

The difference between an observed value and the most probable value is called the:

Errors that always have the same sign and follow a definite law are:

Random (accidental) errors are treated by:

A survey that is precise but not accurate suffers mainly from:

If the standard deviation of a single observation is 10 mm, the standard error of the mean of 25 such observations is:

The probable error of a single observation is equal to:

In levelling, the weight of an observed height difference is usually taken as inversely proportional to:

Two independent distances each with a standard error of 3 mm are added. The standard error of the sum is:

The principle of least squares requires that:

The redundancy of an adjustment with 12 observations and 5 unknown parameters is:

In the method of observation equations, the normal equations are:

Adjusting the observed angles of a triangle so that their sum is exactly 180° is an example of the:

Non-linear observation equations in a least-squares adjustment are handled by: