Chapter 4 · MCQ Read Mode

Bioengineering and Bioremediation

Fossils are found in

The essential difference between weathering and erosion is that weathering

Hydrolysis, the most important process of chemical weathering, converts

For engineering purposes, the stability of a rock slope is governed principally by

The geological zones of Nepal, listed from south to north, are

The Main Boundary Thrust separates

The Siwalik zone is of particular engineering concern because its rocks are

Nepal's rivers become braided where they emerge onto the Terai because

The porosity of a granular material depends on

Clay typically has a high porosity but a very low permeability because difficulty

In the crystalline rocks of Nepal's hill regions, groundwater occurs principally in

A glacial lake outburst flood is most commonly triggered by

Intense rainfall triggers landslides principally because it

The difference between weather and climate is that climate refers to

Temperature increases with height in the stratosphere because

The world's major hot deserts are located near 30 degrees latitude because

Tropical cyclones do not form within about five degrees of the equator because

The cloud type responsible for thunder, lightning and hail is

Low clouds and high thin clouds affect the climate respectively by

The thermohaline circulation of the oceans is driven by differences in

During an El Nino event in the tropical Pacific unusually warm

ENSO is described as a coupled phenomenon because

Without the natural greenhouse effect, the mean surface temperature of the earth would be approximately

Compared with carbon dioxide, methane has a global warming potential over 100 years of about

Water vapour is treated as a climate feedback rather than a forcing because

The role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is to

A hazard becomes a disaster only when

Disaster risk is conventionally expressed as

A major earthquake occurring in an uninhabited desert is

The correct sequence of the disaster risk management cycle is

Land use zoning and the enforcement of building codes are examples of

An effective early warning system requires four elements; a system will fail if it lacks

The principle of building back better means that reconstruction after a disaster should

Deforestation on a steep catchment increases disaster risk principally because it

Constructing an embankment to protect one bank of a river, which then increases flooding on the opposite bank, is an example of

Planting drought-resistant crop varieties in response to changing rainfall is an example of

Mainstreaming climate change adaptation with disaster risk reduction is advocated because the two fields duplicate effort

The defining shift introduced by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 was

Nepal's Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2074 (2017) is significant because it national authority

Integrated watershed management takes the watershed as the planning unit because together

In watershed treatment, work should normally begin

The five engineering functions of vegetation in bioengineering are

Roots increase the shear strength of soil by

In the Wu-Waldron model of root reinforcement, the additional cohesion is proportional to

The principal limitation of bioengineering as a slope stabilisation technique is that it

Compared with a concrete retaining structure, a bioengineering treatment

Large trees may be undesirable on a marginally stable steep slope because they

In selecting species for bioengineering work in Nepal, preference should be given to

A key criterion in siting a plant nursery for bioengineering work is

Hardening off of nursery seedlings before dispatch involves

A central principle of the green road concept in Nepal is

Green road construction is deliberately spread over more than one dry season in order to completed

A gabion wall is widely used in hill bioengineering because it is pressure

Weep holes and a granular filter must be provided behind a cement masonry retaining wall because

Check dams in a gully should be constructed

The commonest mode of failure of a check dam is

In brush layering, the live cuttings are

Brush layering is valuable partly because, unlike most vegetative techniques, it

Turfing is chosen in preference to grass slip planting when

Jute netting or a biodegradable geotextile is used on a bare steep slope in order to

In Nepal, bioengineering planting is normally carried out

The first measure to consider in stabilising an unstable slope is normally

In treating an unstable slope, work should proceed

The selection of a bioengineering technique for a particular slope should be based primarily on

Bioengineering works in the field most often fail because of

A contaminant that is strongly sorbed to soil particles may resist bioremediation because

Highly chlorinated compounds such as tetrachloroethylene are degraded most effectively

Co-metabolism refers to the situation in which a micro-organism from it

Biostimulation differs from bioaugmentation in that biostimulation

Bioventing is distinguished from soil vapour extraction in that bioventing out

Compared with ex situ bioremediation, in situ bioremediation is generally

Heavy metals differ fundamentally from organic contaminants in bioremediation because metals

Micro-organisms can reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, which is beneficial because trivalent chromium is

The bacterial methylation of mercury is a warning that biological transformation can

In phytostabilisation, the contaminant is

Monitored natural attenuation is an acceptable remediation strategy provided that monitored

A permeable reactive barrier is installed

Pump and treat systems for contaminated groundwater are now less favoured because standards are rarely reached

How do points and UDL be represented in SFD?

When shear force diagram is parabolic curve between two points, it indicates that there is ________.

What is the maximum shear force, when a cantilever beam is loaded with UDL throughout?

In purely bending, stress distribution in the beam is ________.

Where is the absolute maximum shear force in simply supported beam with UDL?

If point load w(x) = sin(x/L) is acted on a beam, then shear force diagram is?

The rate of change of shear force is called ________.

If the shear force along a section of a beam is zero, the bending moment at the section is ________.

If shear force is constant throughout the section, then BM is ________.

When the bending moment is constant over the beam the Shear Force will be?

The relation between Shear force and Bending moment is ________.

If the shear force diagram of a simply supported beam is parabolic, then the load on the beam is ________.

In simple bending, ________ is constant.

A beam of uniform strength has constant ________.

Bending moment is ________ at a hinged support.

The maximum B.M. of a cantilever beam lies at ________.

Two people weighing W each are sitting on plank of length L floating on water at L/4 from either end. Neglecting the weight of the plank, the bending moment at the centre of the plank is ________.

The concavity produced on the beam section about the centre line when downward force acts on it is called as ________.

At the point of contra flexure, the bending moment is ________.

The point of contraflexure is the point where ________.

Bending moment in a beam is not a function of ________.

The bending moment in a beam does not depend upon its ________.

Abrupt change in BMD if ________ is applied.

In a B.M. diagram vertical line at a section indicates, ________.

The slope of the curve of B.M. diagram gives ________.

The B.M. diagram for a cantilever beam carrying uniformly distributed load is ________.

The B.M. at the fixed end of a cantilever beam subjected to UDL throughout span is ________.

A fixed beam is subjected to a uniformly distributed load over its entire span. The points of contra-flexure will occur on either side of the centre at a distance of ________ from the centre.

The shape of bending moment for a simple supported beam with point load at the mid-span is ________.

When a beam is subjected to simple bending, ________ is the same in both tension and compression for the material.

If a beam is subjected to pure bending, then the deformation of the beam is ________.

The shear stress distribution over a rectangular cross-section of a beam follows ________.

The shear stress intensity is minimum at ________.

The stress which acts in a direction perpendicular to the area is called ________.

When a body is subjected to a direct tensile stress (σ) in one plane, then the normal stress on an oblique section of a body inclined at angle (θ) to the normal of the section is equal to ________.

When a body is subjected to a direct tensile stress (σ) in one plane, then maximum normal stress occurs at a section inclined at ________ to the normal section.

The maximum shear stress in a thin cylindrical shell subjected to internal pressure p is ________.

The transverse shear stress acting in a beam of rectangular cross-section, subjected to a transverse shear load, is ________.

For a rectangular section the ratio of maximum shear stress to the average shear stress is ________.

For a circular section the ratio of maximum shear stress to average shear stress is ________.

The shear centre of a section is defined as that point ________.

For RCC structure, the shape of shear stress diagram is ________.

The maximum shear stress induced in a member which is subjected to an axial load is equal to ________.

On principal plane, the value of shear stress is ________.

The angle between major principal plane and minor principal plane will be always ________.

The plane of maximum shear stress has normal stress that is ________.

On the Principal plane, shear stress is ________.

Principal stress on the plane of maximum shear stress is ________.

The magnitude of direct stress, across a principal plane is known as ________.

On a principle plane the magnitude of shear stress will be equal to ________.

Which of the following stresses can be determined using Mohr's circle method?

In a Mohr circle, the shear stress τ1 on the plane of maximum obliquity is ________.

If a bar of large length when held vertically and subjected to a load at its lower end, its own-weight produces additional stress. The maximum stress will be ________.

When a body is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions, tangential stress across inclined plane will be maximum when ________.

When a body is subjected to two tensile stresses of equal magnitude on two mutually perpendicular planes, the radius of Mohr circle will be ________.

The stress produced by sudden load is ________ times that is produced by gradual load.

A beam has a solid circular section having diameter d. If a section of the beam is subjected to a shear force F, then maximum shear stress in the cross section is given by ________.

The proof resilience per unit volume is called ________.

The ratio of change in volume to the original volume is called ________.

The load beyond which a body will have permanent set is ________.

The correct sequence of stress-strain curve is as ________.

Limit of proportionality depends upon ________.

Every material obeys Hooke's law within its ________.

The stress at which extension of a material takes place more quickly as compared to the increase in load is called ________.

Which point on the stress-strain curve occurs after yield plateau?

The slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic deformation region is ________.

The total elongation of a bar due to its self-weight is (where w, L and E are the specific weight, length, and Young's modulus of the bar respectively) ________.

If the material has identical elastic properties in all directions, it is called ________.

Highest value of stress for which Hooke's law is applicable for a given material is called ________.

The material in which large deformation is possible before absolute failure by rupture is called ________.

In a body loaded under plane stress conditions, what is the number of independent stress components?

For an isotropic, homogeneous and elastic material obeying Hooke's law, the number of independent elastic constants is ________.

What will be the elastic modulus of a material if the Poisson's ratio for that material is 0.5?

The Poisson's ratio of a material is 0.3. What will be the ratio of Young's modulus to bulk modulus?

What will be the ratio of Young's modulus to the modulus of rigidity of a material having Poisson's ratio 0.25?

The outside diameter of a hollow shaft is twice its inside diameter. The ratio of its torque carrying capacity to that of solid shaft of the same material and the same outside diameter is ________.

A circular shaft is subjected to a torsion, the stress at the center of shaft is ________.

The shear stress at the outermost fibres of a circular shaft under torsion is ________.

If in a planar system, only 2 reaction forces are acting, then the system is ________.

If all the reactions acting on a planar system are concurrent in nature, then the system is ________.

If a system has more equations of equilibrium than number of forces, then the system is ________.

Maximum number of unknown forces that can be determined in concurrent force system under equilibrium is ________.

How many cases out of the following are improperly constrained? Parallel forces, concurrent forces, perpendicular forces, only moment.

A beam of uniform strength can be obtained by ________.

A beam is said to be of uniform strength if ________.

The shear in a beam subjected to pure positive bending is ________.

Beyond elastic limit, tensile strain ________.

If a material has identical elastic properties in all directions, it is said to be ________.

For a linearly elastic, isotropic and homogeneous material, the number of elastic constants required to relate stress and strain is ________.

The number of independent elastic constants for a linear elastic isotropic and homogeneous material is ________.

The deterioration of the properties of a material which is subjected to repeatedly applied stress is termed as ________.

What is the shape of load-deformation curve for a linear elastic member?

What is the shape of load-deformation curve for a non-linear elastic member?

What is the relation between work done and complementary work done?

The unit of elastic modulus is the same as those of ________.

How the elastic constants E and K are related?

The relation between Young's Modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poisson's ratio (μ) is correctly given by the expression ________.

At yield point of test specimen, the material ________.

What is the limiting values of Poisson's ratio?

Which of the following is true if the value of Poisson's ratio is zero?

________ curve is formed due to bending of overhanging beams.

Curvature of the beam is ________ to bending moment.

The term EI d²y/dx² represents ________.

The resistance offered by a material to deformation when subjected to external load is ________.

________ is a property of a material by virtue of it, material regain original shape after removal of load.

The phenomenon of slow extension of materials with time under constant load is called ________.

What is the bulk modulus of elasticity?

At the neutral axis, bending stress is ________.

In the theory of simple bending, the bending stress in the beam section varies ________.

In a beam, effect of bending stress is ________ effect of shear stress.

Area moment of inertia of the cross-section of the beam resist ________.

A simply supported beam of uniform cross section is subjected to maximum bending moment of 2.25 t.m. If it has rectangular cross section, with width 15 cm and depth 30 cm, then maximum bending stress induced in the beam will be ________.

The load on a spring per unit deflection is called ________.

Moment required to produce unit rotation is called ________.

Two beam sections, one is circular and other square made from same materials and having same cross-sectional area, when subjected to bending ________.

The flexural member beam is designed for ________.

The equation of flexure is ________.

As per the Euler's theory, failure in column will be by ________.

Euler's formula is not valid, for mild steel column when slenderness ratio is ________.

A column that fails due to direct stress is called ________.

The buckling load for a given column depends upon ________.

The buckling load will be maximum for a column, if ________.

The formula which can be used for column load to account combined effect of bending and direct stresses is ________.

The load at which column just starts buckling is called ________.

Slenderness ratio of long column is ________.

For long columns, the value of buckling load is ________ crushing load.

The direct stress induced in a long column is ________ as compared to bending stress.

The nature of crippling load in a column is ________.

For a long column with one end fixed and other end hinged, effective length is ________.

Given that the unsupported length of the column with both ends fixed is L. What will be the unsupported length of an equivalent column with one end fixed and the other end free?

The ratio of effective length to actual length of column with one end free and other end fixed is ________.

The effective length of column of length L, fixed against rotation and translation at one end is ________.

For a circular column having its ends hinged, the slenderness ratio is 160. The L/d ratio of the column is ________.

An electric pole is 5 m high from the ground level. Its effective length for design purpose will be ________.

If a column of length L is restrained against horizontal and vertical displacement and is free to rotate at both ends, its equivalent length will be ________.

What should be the effective length of compression members effectively held in position and restrained against rotation at both ends as per IS code?

The effective length used in crippling load formula for a column with both ends fixed is ________.

A column of length L is fixed at both ends. It is equivalent to another column with both ends hinged having length ________.

When does Euler's buckling occur in a column?

P = π²EI/(4L²) is the equation of Euler's crippling load, if ________.

For the case of a slender column of length L and flexural rigidity EI built-in at base and free at top, Euler's critical load is ________.

Euler's equation for crippling load when both ends of column are hinged is ________.

When a column is fixed at both ends then corresponding Euler's critical load is ________.

The Euler's crippling load formula with one end fixed and other hinged is given by ________.

Euler's crippling load for column of one end fixed and other end free condition is ________.

Euler's crippling load of a square column cross section will be ________ if its side is doubled.

The ratio of Euler's crippling load for column with both ends fixed to that of both ends hinged is ________.

The ratio of Euler's crippling load for column with both ends fixed and column with one end fixed and other hinged is ________.

Which of the following is statically determinate structure?

Which of the following is an example for statically determinate structure?

Which condition applies for statically indeterminate beams?

If the forces in the members of a structure as well as the reactions can be found by the conditions of equilibrium, then it is known as ________.

If 4 reactions are acting on a beam, then the system is ________.

How many compatibility equations should be written if we have n number of redundant reactions?

Static indeterminacy for rigid jointed plane frame is given by ________.

Static indeterminacy for pin jointed plane frame is given by ________.

If in a pin jointed plane frame (m + r) > 2j, then the frame is ________. Where 'm' is number of members, 'r' is reaction components and 'j' is number of joints.

For a statically indeterminate pin-jointed plane truss, the relation between number of members 'm' and number of joints 'j' is expressed as ________.

A rigid-jointed plane frame is stable and statically determinate if ________.

A continuous beam has a fixed end at support A and roller support at B and C. What will be the degree of redundancy of the structure?

If a structure has 2j - r number of members, then it will be ________.

If a structure has total 10 joints, then what should be the minimum number of joints in which equilibrium equations should be concurrently satisfied for stability?

A plane truss has 11 members and 8 joints, how many additional members are needed to make the truss stable?

The degree of static indeterminacy of a rigid-jointed plane frame having 15 members, 3 reaction components and 14 joints is ________.

The number of independent displacement components at each joint of a rigid jointed space frame is ________.

The degree of static indeterminacy of propped cantilever beam is ________.

The propped cantilever beam is indeterminate by ________ degree.

Which of the following is indeterminate structure?

The degree of kinematic indeterminacy of pin jointed plane frame is ________.

The degree of Kinematic Indeterminacy (Dk) for pin jointed space frame if members are extensible is: Where, r = Number of reactions, j = Number of joints and m = Number of members (members whole, extension is neglected).

Find the indeterminacy of given figure.

Conservation of energy will be applicable only when ________.

Strain energy stored in a bar due to axial load P is ________.

Interpret from the following which one is wrong with respect to strain energy method for finding deflection?

The strain energy stored in a simply supported beam of span 'l' due to central point load 'w' is ________.

The strain energy stored in a spring, when subjected to maximum load, without suffering permanent distortion, is known as ________.

The partial derivative of strain energy gives ________.

The ratio of strain energy stored in a body due to suddenly applied load and gradually applied load is ________.

Virtual work can be applied when ________.

Virtual work method can be applied when ________.

The principle of virtual work is used to satisfy ________.

Virtual work is used to determine ________.

When a body is in equilibrium undergoes an infinitely small displacement, work imagined to be done is known as ________.

If a rigid body is in equilibrium under a system of forces, the virtual work done by this system of forces during virtual displacement is zero. This principle is known as ________.

Virtual work refers to ________.

Which of the following is important while designing Beam?

The moment area method is not suitable for which type of beams?

The maximum deflection of a fixed beam of length l carrying a central point load W is ________.

The maximum deflection of a fixed beam carrying a central point load lies at ________.

The deflection at center of fixed beam with uniformly distributed load w per unit length over its length L is ________.

The deflection at center of fixed beam with total load W (kN) applied uniformly over its length L is ________.

In the case of a beam simply supported at both ends, if the same load instead of being concentrated at center is distributed uniformly throughout the length, then the deflection at center will get reduced by ________.

A cantilever beam of length l carries a gradually varying load from zero at free end and w per unit length at fixed end. The maximum deflection lies at ________.

Deflection at mid span of simply supported beam subjected to couple M at both ends is ________.

The deflection of simply supported beam having point load W acting at its center is ________.

What will be the deflection of a cantilever beam subjected to a point load W at its free end?

For simply supported beams, the maximum permitted deflection is ________.

If m₁ and m₂ are the two individual members of truss of a compound truss, the truss is determinate and static if ________.

The fixed support in a real beam becomes in the conjugate beam a ________.

The conjugate method falls in the category of ________.

Bending moment at any section in a conjugate beam gives ________ in the actual beam.

The moment area method is not suitable for which type of beams?

The relation, slope = area of BMD/EI, is given by ________.

Shear force at any section in a conjugate beam gives ________ in the actual beam.

In the moment area method, the difference in slope between two sections of a beam is equal to the ________.

In the moment area method, the deflection of point A from a tangent at B is equal to ________.

The theorem of three moments is applicable only when ________.

The fixed end of a continuous beam in Clapeyron's equation is replaced by an additional span of length ________.

In influence line diagrams (ILD) ________.

Influence line is ________.

ILD means ________.

Influence line diagram refers to ________.

Which statement is correct for ILD?

Influence lines are drawn for structures ________.

How is an influence line diagram constructed?

For drawing ILD, what value of test load is assumed?

Identify the incorrect statement about Muller Breslau principle.

Muller Breslau principle in structural analysis is used for ________.

Muller Breslau principle of influence line is applicable for ________.

To draw ILD for statically indeterminate beams, principle used is ________.

The line showing the variations of stress function at a given point due to a unit load moving on a span is known as ________.

The influence line for the structural function is used for obtaining maximum value because of: A. Uniformly distributed load B. Single point load C. Series of concentrated load.

What will be the shape of ILD curve for vertical reaction at point A (R_Ay)?

The influence line diagram for reaction at the support of a cantilever will be ________.

The influence line diagram for BM at a section of a simply supported beam will be a ______.

The influence line diagram for BM at a section in a cantilever will be a triangle extending between the section and the ______.

The influence line diagram for reaction at a support of a simply supported beam is ______.

For a simply supported beam AB of span L, if unit load is at x distance from A, then RB = ______.

For a simply supported beam AB of span L, if unit load is at x distance from A, then RA = ______.

Equation to find ILD for member of Truss is ______.

If on ILD analysis peak force comes out to be 2 kN, then what will be the peak force if loading is single point load?

A single-rolling load of 8 kN rolls along a girder of 15 m span. The absolute maximum bending moment will be ______.

A single rolling load of 40 kN rolls from left end along a simply supported girder of span 20 m. The absolute maximum positive and negative shear force, respectively, are ______.

A UDL of 10 kN/m of length 5 m is moving from left to right support on a simply supported beam of span 10 m. The maximum bending moment at 4 m from the left support is ______.

When a uniformly distributed load, shorter than the span of the girder, moves from left to right, the conditions for maximum bending moment at a section is that ______.

The maximum bending moment due to a train of wheel loads on a simply supported girder ______.

Influence line diagram for bending moment in a simply supported beam is a ______.

The ILD for reaction at fixed support of cantilever beam is ______.

ILD for shear force at a section for a cantilever beam is ______.

ILD for the shear force at the support of the cantilever beam is ______.

The ILD of a three hinged arch of span L and rise h due to horizontal thrust H is ______.

Which of the following are statically determinate beams?

In two-hinged arch, how many unknown forces exist?

What is the degree of indeterminacy of a two hinged arch?

Identify the incorrect statement according to the hinged arches.

In hinge less arch, it is supported to ______.

The masonry arches resist the external loads by ______.

An arch can be treated as a curved beam ............

In arches and lintels, back is the ............

The line of thrust of the linear arch is ............

The moments in the arch will be zero, if ............

The vertical reaction for the arch is [W load acting at 'a' distance from support with span 2l] ............

The vertical distance between the springing line and the highest point on the intrados is called ............ of the arch.

The top most part of an arch is called ............

The normal thrust at any section along the tangent to the centerline of the arch is ............

Radial shear in two hinged arch, tangent to the arch makes an angle theta with horizontal ............

For a two hinged arch, if one of the supports settles horizontally, then the horizontal thrust ............

In a two-hinged arch, the moment will be zero under which condition?

In a two hinged parabolic arch, an increase in temperature will ............

The locus of the reaction of a two-hinged semi-circular arch is ............

The ILD of horizontal thrust in a 2 hinge parabolic arch is ............

For a two hinged arch having constant EI, the horizontal thrust H at a point (x, y) on the arch, in terms of beam moment M is given by ............

For given two hinged semicircular arches A, B and C of radii 5 m, 7.5 m, and 10 m respectively and carrying concentrated crown load W, ratio of horizontal thrust at their support will be ............

A parabolic two hinged arch is loaded with a concentrated load W at the crown. The horizontal thrust is equal to ............ [Where 'L' is the span and 'h' is the rise]

Calculate the horizontal thrust for the two hinged semicircular arch loaded with point load at its crown.

Calculate the horizontal thrust for the two hinged semicircular arch loaded uniformly throughout with distributed load.

The horizontal thrust in a two hinged semi-circular arch subjected to UDL of w kN/m over left half span will be ............

A three-hinged semi-circular arch of radius R carries a concentrated load W at the crown. Horizontal thrust acting on the arch at the hinge would be ............

Calculate the horizontal thrust for the two hinged parabolic arch loaded uniformly throughout with distributed load.

Calculate the horizontal thrust for the two hinged parabolic arch loaded with point load at its crown.

The maximum shear force in three hinged parabolic arch usually occurs at ............

In three hinged arch, maximum hogging moment occurs when, the point load is at ............

A three-hinged arch is hinged at supports end ............

Shape of three hinged arch is always ............

If a three hinged parabolic arch carries a uniformly distributed load on its entire span, every section of the arch resists ............

The maximum bending moment due to concentrated load in three hinged parabolic arches having one of its hinges at the crown, occurs on either side of the crown at the distance ............

The maximum ordinate under the crown hinge of influence line diagram for the horizontal thrust of three hinged arch is equal to where L is span of the arch and h is the height of the crown hinge.

If the span of a three hinged arch is L, h is the rise and UVL with maximum ordinate 'w' acting over the entire span, the horizontal reaction at each support is given by:

If 'L' is the span of a three hinged arch, 'h' is the rise and 'W' is the u.d.l. per unit length over the entire span, the horizontal reaction at each support is given by:

Internal bending moment generated in a three hinged arch is always ............

Internal shear force generated in a three hinged arch is always ............

A three-hinged parabolic arch has a span of 30 m and the central rise is 5 m. It is subjected to a point load of 8 kN at a distance of 20 m from the right hinge. Calculate the vertical reaction component at its left support.

In case of a symmetric, fixed parabolic arch of span L and rise h, elastic centre is at a depth ............ below the crown.

Flexibility matrix method of analysis is basically ............