Chapter 1 · MCQ Read Mode

Basic Environmental Engineering

The general mass balance equation for a control volume is

A conservative substance in an environmental system is one that

Which of the following is a non-conservative substance?

A system is said to be at steady state when

A stream of 2 m³/s carrying 10 mg/L of a conservative substance joins a stream of 3 m³/s carrying 5 mg/L. The mixed concentration is

For a substance decaying by first-order kinetics with rate constant k, the half-life is

In an ecosystem, the approximate proportion of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is

Biomagnification refers to

In the nitrogen cycle, the process that converts ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate is

Denitrification in a wastewater treatment plant requires

The phosphorus cycle differs from the carbon and nitrogen cycles principally in that it

For a dilute aqueous solution, a concentration of 1 mg/L is equivalent to

The first step in analysing any environmental mass balance problem should be to

The purpose of environmental screening is to

Environmental scoping is carried out in order to

In Nepal, the level of environmental assessment required for a proposal is determined principally by

The terms of reference for an EIA study must normally be

The baseline study in an EIA is important because

Cumulative impacts in an environmental assessment refer to

The correct order of the mitigation hierarchy is

In the analysis of alternatives within an EIA, the 'no action' alternative

The Environmental Management Plan in an EIA report specifies

The essential difference between environmental monitoring and environmental auditing is that monitoring is performance against criteria

Post-project environmental auditing is valuable principally because it

Which of the following is legally enforceable?

An emission standard differs from an ambient standard in that an emission standard

The principle of working from the whole to the part in surveying is followed in order to

Systematic errors in surveying are

In differential levelling, the height of instrument is obtained by

The rise and fall method of reducing levels is preferred to the height of instrument method when

The fore bearing and back bearing of a survey line should differ by

Bowditch's rule for adjusting a closed traverse distributes the closing error

Contour lines on a topographic map can cross one another only in the case of

Closely spaced contour lines on a map indicate

Where a contour line crosses a valley, it forms a V that points

A smaller contour interval would normally be chosen for

The essential difference between a hydrographic survey and a land survey is that in a hydrographic survey

An echo sounder determines water depth by measuring

In stream gauging with a current meter, the mean velocity in a vertical is commonly taken as the velocity at

Sustainable development, as defined in the Brundtland report, means development that needs

Life cycle assessment is described as cradle to grave because it considers impacts

The four stages of a life cycle assessment, in order, are

The functional unit in a life cycle assessment is

Environmental risk is best described as a function of

In health risk assessment, carcinogens are conventionally treated as having

A hazard quotient greater than 1 in a risk assessment indicates that

Risk assessment and risk management are kept as separate activities because

People generally tolerate a voluntary, familiar risk far more readily than an involuntary one of the same numerical magnitude because

Certification of an organisation to ISO 14001 indicates that

Cleaner production differs fundamentally from end-of-pipe treatment in that cleaner production

Among cleaner production techniques, the measure that typically yields substantial savings at almost no capital cost is

The statement that quality cannot be inspected into a product means that

The essential difference between estimating and costing is that estimating afterwards

A cube rate estimate is generally more accurate than a plinth area estimate because it

A supplementary estimate is prepared when

In the centre line method of estimating masonry, a deduction must be made

Rate analysis for an item of work is required principally in order to

In rate analysis, the contractor's overhead and profit is usually taken as

The terms lead and lift in estimating refer respectively to

A specification is necessary in addition to the drawings because the drawings cannot convey

In a performance specification, as distinct from a prescriptive specification

The scrap value of a building is

At the end of an asset's useful life, its book value is equal to

Depreciation differs from obsolescence in that depreciation is the loss of value due to available

If the net annual income from a property is Rs 200,000 and the expected rate of return is 8 per cent, the capitalised value is approximately

The five components of a geographic information system are

A map at a scale of 1:1,000 compared with one at 1:1,000,000 is

Every map projection necessarily

For calculating the areas of land cover classes in a catchment, the appropriate projection is

Two GIS layers referenced to different datums will

Which data model is most appropriate for representing land elevation across a catchment?

If the cell size of a raster layer is halved, the file size will approximately

Topology in a vector GIS records

The GIS operation used to define a protection zone of specified width around a river is

Metadata in a GIS refers to

Radar and lidar are classified as active remote sensing systems because they

Healthy green vegetation is readily identified in satellite imagery because it

In supervised image classification, the analyst