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Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

When more resistors are connected in parallel, the total circuit resistance:

A 12 V supply is connected across a 4 Ω resistor. What current flows?

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of voltages around any closed loop is:

Which of the following is a bilateral circuit element?

A 5 Ω resistor carries 2 A. The power dissipated is:

Two resistors R₁ = 3 Ω and R₂ = 7 Ω are connected in series. Total resistance is:

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) is based on conservation of:

Two 8 Ω resistors are connected in parallel. Total resistance is:

A circuit element that contains no energy source is called:

In a series circuit, the quantity that is the same through all elements is:

Resistance of a wire is y. The wire is stretched to triple its length, then the resistance becomes:

Consider a circuit with two unequal resistances in parallel, then:

In which of the following cases is Ohm's law not applicable?

Which of the following bulbs will have high resistance?

Ohm's law is not applicable to:

Conductance is expressed in terms of:

Delta connection is also known as:

Ra is resistance at A, Rb is resistance at B, Rc is resistance at C in star connection. After transforming to delta, what is resistance between B and C?

Ra is resistance at A, Rb is resistance at B, Rc is resistance at C in star connection. After transforming to delta, what is resistance between A and C?

Find the equivalent delta circuit for a star network with branches 4.53 ohm, 1.23 ohm, and 6.66 ohm:

Find the equivalent resistance between X and Y for the given network:

Ra is resistance at A, Rb is resistance at B, Rc is resistance at C in star connection. After transforming to delta, what is resistance between A and B?

KCL is based on the fact that:

The algebraic sum of voltages around any closed path in a network is equal to:

Relation between currents according to KCL for the node diagram is:

Solve and find the value of I for the series circuit:

All __________ are loops but __________ are not meshes:

A junction where two (or) more than two network elements meet is known as a:

Thevenin's theorem replaces a complex network with a voltage source in:

In a purely capacitive AC circuit, the current:

Maximum power is transferred to a load when its resistance equals:

At series resonance, the circuit current is:

Inductive reactance Xₗ as frequency increases:

The resonant frequency of an LC circuit is:

In a purely inductive AC circuit, with respect to voltage, the current:

Reactive power is measured in:

Norton's theorem represents a network as a current source in parallel with:

Power factor is defined as:

Thevenin's theorem converts a circuit into an equivalent form consisting of:

The application of Thevenin's theorem in a circuit results in:

While calculating Rth in Thevenin's theorem and Norton equivalent:

Thevenin's theorem cannot be applied to:

While thevenizing a circuit between two terminals, Vth is equal to:

Calculate the Thevenin resistance across the terminal AB for the following circuit:

Calculate the current across the 4 ohm resistor:

The Thevenin voltage is the:

Thevenin resistance is found by:

Thevenin's theorem is true for:

In Thevenin's theorem Vth is:

Which of the following is also known as the dual of Thevenin's theorem?

The Norton current is the:

Norton resistance is found by?

Norton's theorem is true for:

In Norton's theorem ISC is:

Calculate the Norton resistance for the following circuit if 5 ohm is the load resistance:

Find the current in the 5 ohm resistance using Norton's theorem:

Which of the following is also known as the dual of Norton's theorem?

The maximum power drawn from source depends on:

The maximum power is delivered to a circuit when source resistance is __________ load resistance:

The maximum power is delivered to a circuit when source resistance is __________ load resistance:

Calculate Eth:

Calculate the maximum power transferred:

Under the condition of maximum power efficiency is?

When a sinusoidal voltage is applied across R-L series circuit having R = Xₗ, the phase angle will be:

A unit step voltage is applied at t=0 to a series R-L circuit with zero initial conditions:

At .......... frequencies the parallel R-L circuit behaves as purely resistive:

The voltage applied across an R-L circuit is equal to........... of VR and VL:

In a parallel R-C circuit, the current always............the applied voltage:

At very low frequencies a series R-C circuit behaves as almost purely __________ circuit:

In a series of resonant circuit, with an increase in L:

In a series resonant circuit with the increase in the value of C:

In series as well as parallel resonance circuit, increase in resistance would cause:

In order to tune a parallel resonant circuit to a lower frequency, the capacitance must:

The dynamic resistance of a parallel resonant circuit is given by:

A parallel AC circuit in resonance will:

Higher the Q of a series circuit:

A high Q coil has:

The power factor at resonance in R-L-C parallel circuit is:

Magnitude of current at resonance in R-L-C circuit:

In a R-L-C circuit:

The quality factor of R-L-C circuit will increase if:

In a series R-L-C circuit at resonance:

The power factor of a series R-L-C circuit at its half-power points is:

The RMS value of a sinusoidal voltage with peak Vm is:

AC voltage is generated based on which law?

The form factor of a pure sine wave is:

In a three-phase AC system, the three voltages are separated by:

The period T of an AC waveform is related to frequency f by:

In a Star (Y) connected three-phase system, line voltage equals:

The standard power supply frequency used in Nepal is:

The average value of a sine wave over a positive half-cycle is approximately:

The RMS value of an AC supply is significant because it is:

In a delta (Δ) connection, line current equals:

Power in a Three Phase Circuit =

In a three phase AC circuit, the sum of all three generated voltages is:

For a star connected three phase AC circuit:

In a three phase, delta connection:

For a star connection network, consuming power of 1.8kW and power factor 0.5, the inductance and resistance of each coil at a supply voltage of 230 Volts, 60 Hz is:

For a three-phase delta connected load, fed from a star connected network, the power transferred to the load is:

For a polyphase system, the number of Wattmeter required to measure power is equal to:

A polyphase system is generated by:

In a three phase AC circuit, the sum of all three generated voltages is:

In a three phase, delta connection:

In case of Short Circuit, Current will flow in the Circuit:

Ω (Ohm) is the Unit of:

Siemens or Mho (\mho) is the unit of?

Which of the following elements of electrical engineering cannot be analyzed using Ohm's law?

Which of the following is a correct representation of peak value in an AC Circuit?

How many cycles will an AC signal make in 2 seconds if its frequency is 100 Hz?

What kind of quantity is an Electric potential?

Which of the following is a correct representation of average value in an AC Circuit?

Which type of semiconductor has holes as the majority charge carriers?

A silicon diode typically has a forward voltage drop of:

The primary application of a diode in a power supply is:

A BJT is classified as a ____ controlled device.

Which BJT configuration gives the highest voltage gain and is most commonly used?

A Zener diode is operated in the ____ region to regulate voltage.

CMOS technology is preferred in digital ICs primarily because of its:

A MOSFET is a ____ controlled device with very high input impedance.

The three terminals of a BJT are:

A PN junction diode blocks current when it is:

How does a semiconductor behave at absolute zero?

Semiconductor acts as an insulator in the presence of impurities:

How is the resistance of semiconductor classified?

What are the charge carriers in semiconductors?

What type of material is obtained when an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with pentavalent impurity?

What type of material is obtained when an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with trivalent impurity?

When a pure semiconductor is heated, its resistance:

As the doping to a pure semiconductor increases, the bulk resistance of the semi-conductor:

The reverse current in a diode is of the order of:

The forward voltage drop across a silicon diode is about:

A zener diode has:

A zener diode is used as:

Why is there a sudden increase in current in Zener diode?

What is the semiconductor diode used as?

What is a Zener diode used as?

When a junction diode is reverse biased, what causes current across the junction?

When transistors are used in digital circuits they usually operate in the:

A current ratio of IC/IE is usually less than one and is called:

In a C-E configuration, an emitter resistor is used for:

Voltage-divider bias provides:

The C-B configuration is used to provide which type of gain?

A transistor may be used as a switching device or as a:

Which is beta's current ratio?

Most of the electrons in the base of an NPN transistor flow:

In a transistor, collector current is controlled by:

Total emitter current is:

What is the collector current for a C-E configuration with a beta of 100 and a base current of 30 μA?

Which of the following condition is true for cut-off mode?

For a pnp transistor in the active region the value of Vce (potential difference between the collector and the base) is:

Where should be the bias point set in order to make transistor work as an amplifier?

Q point can be set to work on active region requires particular conditions. What are they?

For a fixed bias circuit having R_C=4.7KΩ and R_B=1KΩ, V_CC=10V and base current at Bias point was found to be 0.2μA, Find β?

For a Voltage divider bias circuit, having R1=R2=10 KΩ, R_C=4.7 KΩ, Rₑ=1 KΩ, What is the value of collector current at saturation if V_CC=10V?

For a Voltage divider circuit having R_C=R1=R2=Rₑ=1KΩ, if V_CC=20V, find IC when V_ce=V_CC?

What is Stability factor?

The collector current (I_C) that is obtained in a collector to base biased transistor is:

The demerit of a collector to base bias is:

For emitter feedback bias, to make IC independent of DC current gain, which of the following condition is required?

In order to make an amplifier which of the following biasing technique is used more?

What will be the temperature changes effects on the emitter feedback circuit?

Which of the following statement is the main disadvantage of emitter feedback bias?

The thermal runway is avoided in a self-bias because:

The stability factor for a self-biased transistor is:

Which of the following terminals does not belong to the MOSFET?

Choose the correct statement:

Choose the correct statement:

The controlling parameter in MOSFET is:

How does the MOSFET differ from the JFET?

The N-channel MOSFET is considered better than the P-channel MOSFET due to its:

Which factor/s play/s a crucial role in determining the speed of CMOS logic gate?

What will be the phase shift of feedback circuit in RC phase shift oscillator?

How many RC stages are used in the RC phase shift oscillator?

Calculate the frequency of oscillation for RC phase shift oscillator having the value of R and C as 352 and 3.7μF respectively:

The condition for zero phase shift in wein bridge oscillator is achieved by:

Only the condition β A = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ must be satisfied for self-sustained oscillations to result:

This stage network circuit diagram (with three cascading RC loops) is a __________ oscillator:

The feedback signal in a(n) __________ oscillator is derived from an inductive voltage divider in the LC circuit:

For a phase-shift oscillator, the gain of the amplifier stage must be greater than:

What is the minimum frequency at which a crystal will oscillate?

The bridge circuit diagram showing an op-amp with components R1, C1, R2, C2 is a __________ oscillator:

How a triangular wave generator is derived from square wave generator?

Output of an integrator producing waveforms of unequal rise and fall time are called:

Which of the following is required for oscillation?

An oscillator converts:

In an LC transistor oscillator, the active device is:

In an LC circuit, when the capacitor energy is maximum, the inductor energy is..........

In an LC oscillator, the frequency of oscillator is __________ L or C:

An oscillator produces.... oscillations:

An oscillator employs...... feedback:

Hartley oscillator is commonly used in..

In a phase shift oscillator, we use __________ RC sections:

A Wien bridge oscillator uses __________ feedback:

The piezoelectric effect in a crystal is..

If the crystal frequency changes with temperature, we say that crystal has __________ temperature coefficient:

The crystal oscillator frequency is very stable due to __________ of the crystal:

An oscillator differs from an amplifier because it:

For an oscillator to properly start, the gain around the feedback loop must initially be:

A class A power amplifier uses:

The maximum efficiency of resistance loaded class A power amplifier is:

The maximum efficiency of transformer coupled class A power amplifier is:

Power amplifiers handle __________ signals compare to voltage amplifiers:

In class A operation, the operating point is generally located __________ of the D.C. load line:

A power amplifier has comparatively __________ β:

A class A power amplifier is sometimes called:

When no signal is applied, the approximate collector efficiency of class A power amplifier is:

The maximum A.C. power output from a class A power amplifier is 10 W. What should be the minimum power rating of the transistor used?

The most costly coupling is __________ coupling:

Where does the Q point lie for class B amplifier?

What happens when class B amplifier is in a quiescent state?

What is the value of the maximum efficiency of the class B amplifier?

What kind of design is used to avoid transformer usage?

What is cross over distortion?

How to avoid cross over distortion?

For a Class B amplifier, the utilized lead power is 300W and the Dc power is 500W, find efficiency:

What is the conduction angle for Class B push-pull amplifier?

A power transistor is a:

For a power transistor, if base current IB is increased keeping Vce constant, then:

Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has combinational advantages of:

A Gate Turn Off (GTO) can be turned on by applying:

The turn on time of an SCR with inductive load is 20 μs. The pulse train frequency is 2.5 KHz with mark/space ratio of 1/10, and then SCR will:

What are the three terminals of a power MOSFET called?

A thyristor can be termed as:

An oscillator converts:

For sustained oscillation, the Barkhausen criterion requires the loop gain |Aβ| to be:

Which oscillator provides the BEST frequency stability?

Oscillators use which type of feedback to sustain oscillations?

RC oscillators are primarily used for:

A Colpitts oscillator uses which component as the tapped (split) feedback element?

LC oscillators are suitable for generating:

A Hartley oscillator uses which component in a tapped configuration?

For sustained oscillation, the total phase shift around the feedback loop must be:

Crystal oscillators are commonly used in microprocessors because:

A Class A amplifier conducts for what portion of the input cycle?

Which amplifier class is most efficient but only used in RF applications?

Crossover distortion is a characteristic problem of which amplifier class?

An ideal op-amp has an open-loop gain that is:

Class AB amplifiers are designed to solve which problem of Class B?

The two input terminals of an operational amplifier are:

An ideal op-amp has an input impedance that is:

A push-pull output stage uses:

When negative feedback is applied to an op-amp, both inputs are driven to approximately the same voltage. This is called:

A tuned amplifier amplifies signals:

When a cylinder is unrolled (opened in rope form), what shape is formed?

How many transistors does a class B push-pull amplifier use?

In which region does a class B amplifier operate?

Which quantity remains constant (same) throughout a series circuit?

In a star (Y) connected three-phase system, what is the relationship between line voltage (Vₗ) and phase voltage (Vₚₕ)?

What is the primary advantage of CMOS logic technology?

What type of feedback do oscillators use to sustain oscillations?

Which theorem gives the condition for maximum power transfer from a source to a load?

According to Ohm's Law, which relationship is correct?

Three equal resistors in series dissipate 10 W. How much power do they dissipate when connected in parallel (same supply voltage)?

A semiconductor is primarily used for:

Two copper wires of the same length have cross-sectional area ratio 1 : 4. What is the ratio of their resistances (small : large)?

A wire has resistance 40 Ω. Another wire of the same length has 4× the cross-sectional area. What is the resistance of the second wire?

The Superposition Theorem is NOT applicable to which type of circuit analysis?

The current through a capacitor is known as:

A bridge rectifier operating at 50 Hz produces an output of:

An inductor and resistor are connected in series and a DC voltage V is applied. At steady state, what is the current?

Three resistors each of 2 Ω are connected in delta. What is the equivalent resistance between any two terminals?

A 1 Ω resistor is connected in parallel with a 3 Ω resistor. What is the equivalent resistance?

What is the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) when the reflection coefficient is 0.8?

A transmission line has Z₀ = 50 Ω and termination impedance Za = 75 Ω. What is the SWR and reflection coefficient?

The hexadecimal number F is equal to which decimal value?

NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates because:

The 2's complement of a binary number is used in digital systems to represent:

An XOR gate produces output 1 only when its inputs are:

How many binary bits does one hexadecimal digit represent?

According to De Morgan's theorem, (A + B)' equals:

A Karnaugh map simplifies Boolean expressions by:

The decimal number 13 in binary is:

An AND gate with inputs A=1 and B=0 produces output:

The 2's complement of the binary number 0110 is:

A 4-to-1 multiplexer requires how many select lines?

The Sum output of a half adder is produced by which gate?

A 3-to-8 decoder has 3 input lines and ____ output lines.

What distinguishes a full adder from a half adder?

The Carry output of a half adder is produced by which gate?

A demultiplexer routes data from:

An 8-to-3 encoder has 8 input lines and how many output lines?

In hardware, binary subtraction is performed by:

Combinational circuits differ from sequential circuits in that they have:

In 2's complement signed numbers, a 1 in the most significant bit (MSB) indicates:

Sequential circuits produce outputs that depend on:

In an SR flip-flop, which input combination must never be applied?

A JK flip-flop with J=1 and K=1 applied will:

A D flip-flop's output Q on a clock edge will be:

A flip-flop differs from a latch in that a flip-flop is:

An n-bit binary counter can count how many distinct states?

In a ripple (asynchronous) counter, each flip-flop is clocked by:

A register stores data using a group of:

Which flip-flop is most commonly used as the basic cell of a synchronous counter?

Synchronous counters are preferred over ripple counters mainly because they are:

The Program Counter (PC) in a microprocessor holds:

The address bus in the 8085 microprocessor is:

Arithmetic and logic operations in a microprocessor are performed by the:

A microprocessor with 16 address lines can directly address how much memory?

Assembly language uses ____ in place of binary machine code.

The Intel 8085 is classified as a(n) ____ microprocessor.

The Stack Pointer (SP) register points to:

The tool that translates assembly language into machine code is called a(n):

After a CALL instruction in 8085, where is the return address saved?

The Zero flag in the 8085 flag register is set when:

DRAM requires periodic refreshing because it stores bits as:

DMA is used primarily to:

Which memory is used for the CPU cache?

Asynchronous serial communication uses ____ to frame each transmitted character.

The Intel 8255 PPI provides:

Which memory type retains data after the power is switched off?

Parallel interface is preferred over serial when:

When a DMA controller takes over the system bus, the CPU:

The correct order from fastest to slowest in the memory hierarchy is:

RS-232 is a standard for which type of communication?

When an interrupt occurs, the CPU first:

Interrupts are more efficient than polling because:

The routine that handles an interrupt is called the:

In the Intel 8085, TRAP has the highest interrupt priority because it is:

Before jumping to an ISR, the CPU saves the return address by pushing it onto the:

A software interrupt in the 8085 is triggered by:

A maskable interrupt can be temporarily disabled by the CPU using:

In a vectored interrupt system, the address of the ISR is:

After the ISR finishes, control returns to the interrupted program using a:

The correct 8085 interrupt priority order from highest to lowest is:

How many NOT gates are required to build a 2:1 Multiplexer?

How many 2-input NAND gates are contained in a standard 7400 TTL IC?

In TTL logic, what is the input voltage range for a logic LOW (active LOW level)?

When an invalid BCD code (1010–1111) is detected and auto-corrected, what value is added?

What is the terminal (reset) state of a MOD-10 (decade) counter?

What is the minimum number of flip-flops (memory blocks) required to build a MOD-6 ripple counter?

An SR flip-flop is also called a:

A JK flip-flop with J = 1 and K = 1 is clocked at 20 kHz. What is the output waveform and its frequency?

What is the duty cycle of an ideal astable multivibrator?

Which of the following is NOT a valid operation of flip-flops?

The TRAP interrupt in 8085 microprocessor is:

Small-Scale Integration (SSI) refers to ICs with how many transistors?

In VHDL, a signal that represents a bus (multi-bit connection) is declared as:

In VHDL, the primary design unit that represents a hardware block's interface (ports and generics) is called:

The shadow mask technique is used in:

Left-shifting an unsigned binary number by 1 bit is equivalent to:

The expression x << 3 is equivalent to:

Which logic gate is commonly used for parity checking and overflow detection?

Which of the following is NOT a valid C token category?

Which loop is exit-controlled (executes at least once)?

The default parameter passing mechanism in C is:

A recursive function must always have a:

Which function is used for unformatted single-character input?

A string in C is terminated by:

In the declaration int a[3][4], the array has:

Which statement skips the remaining code in the current loop iteration and moves to the next?

Which of these is an exit-controlled feature unique to switch-case (if break is omitted)?

The strcmp() function from string.h is used to:

The & operator in C is used to obtain a variable's:

If int *p; and p currently points to an int, then p++ moves p forward by:

The expression *(a + i) is equivalent to:

In a union, the total memory allocated equals:

Which file opening mode creates a new file for writing, overwriting if it already exists?

Which function is used for random access to a file?

Passing a structure to a function by reference is done using a: