Chapter 8 · MCQ Read Mode

Hydropower

Gross (theoretical) hydropower potential is best described as: consideration of losses or feasibility

Economic hydropower potential, compared to technical potential, is: actual development planning

The feasibility study stage of hydropower project development is characterized by:

The correct general sequence of hydropower project development stages is:

A reconnaissance study, as the earliest stage of hydropower development, primarily involves:

Technical hydropower potential differs from gross potential in that it: unavoidable losses

Nepal's hydropower development history is generally recognized as having begun with: generation in the country

The legal/policy framework governing hydropower development in Nepal addresses all of the following EXCEPT:

The pre-feasibility study stage of hydropower development serves primarily to:

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship among gross, technical, and economic hydropower potential? constraints

The power generated by a hydropower plant is calculated using the formula:

A flow duration curve (FDC) is primarily used in hydropower planning to: design discharge

Plant factor, as used in hydropower planning, is defined as:

A run-of-river (ROR) hydropower plant, compared to a storage plant, is characterized by:

A pumped storage hydropower plant operates by: turbines to generate power during peak demand

Live storage in a reservoir refers to:

Dead storage in a reservoir primarily serves to:

A typical run-of-river (ROR) hydropower plant's components, in general sequence from the river to the powerhouse, include:

High-head hydropower plants (typically greater than 100 m) are generally most suited to:

Load factor, as used in power system/hydropower planning, is defined as:

A gravity dam resists water pressure primarily through:

An arch dam requires which site condition to be structurally effective?

Piping failure in a dam refers to:

In the stability analysis of a gravity dam, the check against overturning primarily ensures: overturning moments

Forces considered in the stability analysis of a gravity dam include all of the following EXCEPT:

A grout curtain, as a seepage control measure in dam foundations, functions by:

Drainage galleries within a dam primarily serve to:

An ogee (overflow) spillway is characterized by:

A flip bucket (ski-jump) energy dissipator is particularly used for: plunge pool

Radial (tainter) gates and vertical lift gates are commonly used at:

The primary function of a gravel trap in a run-of-river (ROR) plant's headworks is to:

A skimmer wall/sill at an ROR plant's intake is primarily used to:

The settling basin in an ROR plant is primarily designed to: the turbine

The concentration approach to settling basin design, compared to the practice (empirical) approach, bases the design on: efficiency and basin dimensions

The volume of sediment expected to accumulate in a settling basin over an operational period is estimated from:

Continuous flushing of a settling basin, as opposed to intermittent flushing, involves:

Intermittent flushing of a settling basin, compared to continuous flushing, is characterized by: generation

The flushing frequency for a settling basin is determined by comparing: performance drops below an acceptable level

Bed load, as distinct from suspended load, refers to sediment that:

Effective sediment management at an ROR plant's headworks (intake exclusion, gravel trap, settling basin, flushing) is primarily important because: not adequately excluded/removed

Circular cross-sections are generally preferred for hydraulic tunnels operating under high internal pressure because they are:

Tunnel lining in a hydropower water conveyance tunnel serves to:

The primary function of a forebay in a hydropower conveyance system is to: penstock intake

A surge tank is provided on a pressure conduit system primarily to: the powerhouse

A restricted-orifice surge tank, compared to a simple surge tank, is characterized by:

A pressure shaft, as used in hydropower conveyance systems, is best described as: pressure

Hydraulic transients (water hammer) in a penstock are caused by:

Water hammer analysis is a critical consideration in the design of:

The penstock in a hydropower plant conveys water:

A chamber (gallery) surge tank, compared to a simple surge tank of the same height, offers:

A Pelton turbine is classified as an impulse turbine because: runner

A Francis turbine is generally best suited to:

A Kaplan turbine, suited to low head and high discharge, is distinguished by: over a range of flow conditions

Specific speed (Ns) is used in turbine engineering primarily to: Pelton and high values suited to Kaplan turbines

A scroll case (spiral casing) in a reaction turbine installation functions to:

A draft tube, used with reaction turbines, primarily serves to: level while still recovering the head difference

Governors in a hydropower plant primarily function to: maintaining stable frequency

Generators used in hydropower plants are typically:

An underground powerhouse, compared to a surface powerhouse, is generally chosen:

The overall dimensions of a powerhouse are primarily determined by: clearances

As per water resources act 2049, the second priority for water use is .........................

The first hydroelectric power plant is .........................

The first hydropower of Nepal from private sector is .........................

The third hydropower plant based on hydropower development in Nepal is .........................

The First Hydropower of Nepal is ......................... having capacity of ......................... kW of each turbine.

The date of construction and capacity of Pharping hydropower plant is .........................

Which province of Nepal has highest hydroelectric power production?

The largest hydropower of Nepal has installed capacity of .........................

Based on capacity, the largest peaking hydropower plant of Nepal is .........................

Which of the following is the type of canal drop hydropower project?

......................... is the second largest country in total installed capacity of hydropower plant.

The second largest hydropower project of the world is .........................

What is the right sequential order for Power development nowadays in case of Nepal?

According to Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) policy 2001, which of the following is the first priority of the policy?

Which of the following was not good for hydropower development policy?

The objective of hydropower development policy is .........................

The Nepal power system master plan aims to increase installed capacity by 2040 AD to .........................

For the development of hydropower project, developer need approval from .........................

Which of the following acts was enacted in Nepal in 2041 BS?

From when independent power producer [IPP] start to develop the hydropower project in Nepal?

Electricity regulation is approved by .........................

The survey license for the hydropower project is provided for the maximum period of .........................

The transmission and distribution license for the hydropower project is provided for .........................

The hydropower generation license provided in Nepal for domestic-market oriented project for .........................

NEA purchase the electricity from storage plant through PPA for wet and dry season for .........................

There is provision of negotiable rate of Royalty structure for hydropower project above .........................

The rated capacity of hydropower projects to be eligible for foreign currency PPA for project above .........................

A hydroelectric generating station is supplied from a reservoir of capacity 6 million m³ at a head of 170 m. Determine the potential energy stored in this water.

A large hydropower station has a head of 324 metre and an average flow of 1370 m³/sec. The available hydraulic power from this station will be .........................

A canal drop is 6m and discharge available through the turbine is 50 cumec. Find the electrical energy available.

Calculate the power of the plant with following data : H = 423.5 m, head loss = 2.5 m, Q = 0.9 m³/s and η = 85% .........................

Which factor determines the head available for power generation in a hydropower plant?

The difference of head at the point of entry and exit of turbine is ..........

For reaction turbine, the effective head for the hydro-electric power plant is ..........

In hydropower plant, the net head is ..........

To ensure maximum overall plant efficiency, the rated head should be equal to ..........

Flow duration curve is the graph drawn between ..........

The flow duration curve at a given head of a hydroelectric plant is used to determine ..........

The area under a flow duration curve represents ..........

Mass curve is also known as ..........

A ROR type hydropower plant with 100 MW installed capacity and with Q₀ design flow can generate the full capacity at least for .......... days of a year.

The power which is available only in periods of high flow in river is called ..........

The net power continuously available from a plant to consumer at any time ..........

The power continuously available from a plant to consumer is ..........

The pondage in a hydropower station is ..........

Power factor is ..........

The ratio of average output of a plant to plant capacity is ..........

The value of diversity factor is always ..........

What is a load factor?

The demand factor of hydropower plant is ratio of ..........

Which of the following is the formula for plant capacity factor ..........

Coincidence factor is the reciprocal of ..........

The load curve is the curve showing the .......... on the power station with respect to time.

In Nepal, the consumption of electricity is maximum during ..........

If installed capacity is equal to peak load, then the ratio of capacity factor to the load factor ..........

In Nepal for project upto .......... the installed capacity is fixed based on Qo.

Which of the following method is utilized for fixing installed capacity of Hydropower plant?

Which type of hydropower plant is designed to operate continuously, with little or no fluctuation in output?

When the operating cost of the power plant is high but it provides great flexibility then the plant used is ..........

In remote isolated area having only one micro hydropower, capacity of hydropower should be equivalent to?

In context of Nepal, the installed capacity of mini-hydropower plant is ..........

Which type of hydropower plant is most commonly used for small-scale electricity generation in rural areas?

What is the most common type of hydropower facility in Nepal?

The plants which regulate daily or weekly hydrograph of river is ..........

Which type of hydropower plant uses a dam to create a reservoir to store water for electricity generation?

Which one is suitable to meet base load as well as peak load?

The hydropower plant which utilizes the minimum flow in river having no appreciable pondage on its upstream is ..........

If operating cost is high but the plant offers great flexibility, the plant is used for ..........

A hydropower plant developed at the site of a drop in an irrigation canal is of type ..........

Which of the following is correct? (i) Diesel engine works as base load. (ii) Storage hydropower is used for peak time.

What is the name of the process where water is pumped back into a reservoir when electricity demand is low?

The same water is utilized again and again in .......... type of hydropower plant.

The reversible turbines and pumps are very suitable for ..........

Which of the following is hydro plant is PRoR type?

The volume of water that can be stored in the particular reservoir is called ..........

The ratio of sediment deposited in the reservoir to the total volume of sediment carried by the river is ..........

Trap efficiency is the function of ..........

The volume of water stored between normal reservoir level and maximum reservoir level is ..........

What is dead storage of storage reservoir?

If 20% of the reservoir is marked for dead storage reservoir capacity 30 M cum. meter and the average silt decomposition in the reservoir is 0.1 M cumec, then the useful life of the reservoir will start reducing after ..........

What is the utilization factor for the power plant of 100 MW installed capacity which supply 570000 KWH per day of energy with peak load of 95 MW.

Energy consumed in a week is 5880000 kWhr and peak demand is 100 MW, determine load factor of this plant.

Calculate the capacity factor of a plant with two turbines of each capacity 20 MW. The load duration hydropower plant varies from 10 MW to 35 MW.

Calculate utilization factor if the maximum power utilized is 40,000 kW and two turbo generators installed each of capacity 23,000 kW.

In a hydropower plant of installed capacity 100MW, 42GWh energy is produced in one month. What is the approx. capacity factor of that plant?

A consumer consumes 600 kWh per day at a load factor of 0.5. Without increasing the maximum demand, if the consumer increases the load factor to 0.8, the consumption of energy in kWh would be ..........

Which dam is a better choice when the raw materials are not available and have to be transported from far off distances?

The temporary dam constructed for dewatering the area to facilitates the execution of foundation work is known as ..........

What is the primary function of a cofferdam?

Which structure is best suited to resist earthquake shocks without danger?

The type of dam suitable for low wide George is ..........

Which of the following earth dam is suitable only on impervious foundation?

When gravel and sand are available in bed strata, the type of dam selected may be ..........

The process of laying and compacting earth in layer by power roller under OMC for construction of earthen dam is known as ..........

The construction materials which are transported and laying all done with agency of water is called ..........

In diaphragm type earth dam, the thickness of this impervious material in central part is ..........

Type of dam is preferred if spillway location is available separate from main dam.

When the reservoir is empty, the maximum vertical stress is equal to ..........

When the reservoir is full, the maximum compressive force in a gravity dam is produced ..........

When the middle third of the base is full, the maximum compressive stress in a gravity dam is produced ..........

What is the value of eccentricity for no tension condition in the dam?

The middle 3rd rule is used in ..........

Which of the following is not a potential failure mode for a dam?

The resultant of the dam must lie at .......... in order to ensure that no tension developed.

The applicability of middle third rule used in the design of structures under combined direct and bending stresses is ..........

What should be done to avoid the Friction failure of dam?

What is the recommended value of the shear friction factor against sliding?

The structure which derives its stability due to self-weight is ..........

The factor of safety against sliding shall be ..........

Which of the following is a type of foundation treatment used in dam construction?

The type of foundation treatment for gravity dam is ..........

The bottom portion of a concrete or a masonry gravity dam is usually stepped in order to ..........

The uplift pressure on a dam can be controlled by i) constructing cutoff under upstream face ii) constructing drainage channels between the dam and its foundation iii) by pressure grouting in foundation The correct answer is ..........

When the factor of safety against sliding in retaining wall less than 1.5 to prevent the structure from sliding which of the following measure is used?

In concrete gravity dam with a vertical upstream face, the stabilizing force is provided by the ..........

The provision of drainage gallery in a gravity dam help in reducing ..........

A gravity dam is subjected to hydrodynamic pressure caused by ..........

In a concrete gravity dam with a vertical upstream face the stabilizing force is provided by the ..........

What is Von Karman's formula for hydrodynamic force?

The vertical component of the earthquake wave which produces adverse effects on the stability of a dam when is acting in ..........

The vertical downward earthquake acceleration a_v = 0.1 × g acting on a gravity dam will ..........

For wave action in dam, the height of free board is generally taken to be equal to ..........

Which of the following method is the sediment controlling technique in reservoir?

What type of failure occurs when the minimum stress exceeds the allowable compressive stress of the dam material?

The axis of a gravity dam is the ..........

To enhance the Factor of Safety (FOS) against overturning moment for a dam with a low FOS, which measure is recommended?

The recommended top width of low earthen dam is ..........

The shape of the phreatic line is ..........

The hydrostatic pressure on the phreatic line within a dam section is ..........

What is the importance of providing core in earthen embankment?

The central core of the zoned embankment type earth dam ..........

What is the primary cause of dam failure due to overtopping?

A rock toe and horizontal filter is provided on downstream base of an earthen dam in order to ..........

What are the two main causes of failure of hydraulic structure on the pervious foundation?

Sloughing is the process of ..........

.......... helps to control seepage in earth dam.

The spillway in reservoir is used for ..........

In a hydro-electric plant, spillways are used ..........

Spillway is an overflow section which allows to discharge ..........

The safety valve of the dam is its ..........

The supplementary structure constructed in conjunction with main spillway to divert and releases the flood in case of failure of main spillway is known as ..........

A shaft spillway is provided ..........

Morning glory is the ..........

In case of non-availability of space due to topography, the most suitable spillway is ..........

The spillway which can be adopted with ease on gravity as well as earthen dams is called ..........

In a chute spillway, the flow is usually ..........

Which of the following spillway is least suitable for the earthen dam?

The device that does not help in energy dissipation at the bottom of a hydraulic structure over which water spills is ..........

Energy dissipator provided if jump height is more than tail water depth.

Energy dissipation downstream of a sloping glacis is achieved by which of the following mechanisms?

If the height of the dam is 35 meters and specific gravity of concrete is 2.4 with no uplift pressure, what should be the minimum base width of dam by considering elementary profile of a dam, if the coefficient of friction is 0.7.

What is the approx. height of the dam having elementary profile, without considering uplift, if the base width is 35 m and specific gravity of dam material is 2.45?

In modern day, which type of gates are mostly used in hydraulic structures?

The most commonly used vertical lift gates in modern days is ...........

River intake is usually situated on ...........

The head works of ROR plants is considered upto ...........

Submerged intake is located at ...........

The side intake is suitable when the slope of the river is ...........

The frontal intake is suitable when the slope of the river is ...........

Settling basin is located in the canal at ...........

The settling basin are designed to settle ...........

The efficiency of a settling tank can be increased by ...........

Which of the following design criteria are important for design of setting basin?

In which zone of settling basin, the transitions from canal to settling zone occurs ...........

In which range, the gradual expansion of inlet gives smooth transition in settling basin?

The length to breadth ratio of settling basin is generally taken as ...........

The transitions in the outlet zone of settling basin can be ...........

Which zone of settling basin is not necessary if settling basin is combined with fore bay?

In micro-hydropower, the excess water during flood is removed from ...........

For BEIRI settling basin which of the following statement is false?

Which one of the following statements is incorrect about the serpent sediment sluicing system in a hydropower project?

A tunnel is found more advantageous as compared to the alternate routes because it ..........

Pick up the correct statement from the following during tunnel excavation.

Which one section of tunnel is most suitable for structural consideration?

Circular section of tunnels is not suitable for ..........

Which shape of tunnel is suitable for the purpose of navigation?

The tunnels, the artificial underground passages are constructed for ..........

The method of draining in the tunnels, is generally known as ..........

Which of the following drainage is not used in tunnel?

For highways, tunneling is preferred to if the open cut exceeds ...........

Drifters can be used to drill ...........

Drift method of tunneling is used to construct tunnels in ...........

In case of drift method of tunneling, the drift may be excavated at ...........

Which one of the following methods of tunneling is used in hard rocks?

Fore poling method is used for ...........

Which of the following is incorrect for settling basin?

Which of the following is incorrect for settling basin?

Which of the following method is design process of settling basin?

The depth of setting basin is high for ...........

For a given discharge, the efficiency of sedimentation basin can be increased by ...........

In concentration approach ...........

The methods which is adopted in sediment handling are ...........

What is the value of constant 'a' in T.R. Camp critical flow velocity formula, if the diameter of particle is less than 0.1 mm?

Find the flow velocity if it is desired to remove sediment upto 0.25 mm.

Calculate the flow velocity in the settling basin with particle of grain size 0.33 mm.

If Q is the discharge in m³/s, T is sediment emptying frequency in seconds and C is sediment concentration kg/m³ then sediment load can be computed from ...........

Determine the surface area of the settling basin having trap efficiency of 99%. The flow of water is 10 m³/s and fall velocity 0.2 m/s.

What is the volume of silt accumulated in a period of 10 days if the sediment conc. of the flow is 5 kg/m³ for a discharge of 25 cumecs and silt density of 2400 kg/m³ and a packing factor of 1.2?

Which one of the following statements is not correct for heading and benching method of tunnelling?

The minimum size of the tunnel should be at least ..........

If D is the diameter of tunnel in m, then the empirical formula to calculate the thickness of tunnel in mm is ..........

What parameter is commonly used to determine the diameter of a hydropower tunnel?

The following operations are required for tunneling in rock train: 1. Removing of foul gasses 2. Marking the tunnel profile 3. Setting up and drilling 4. Checking misfire 5. Mucking. The correct sequence is ...........

Which of the following lining material is useful for shield driven tunnels in sub aqueous regions?

A channel or a free-flow tunnel leading water to the fore bay or a pressure tunnel leading the water to the surge tank is called as ..........

What is the primary purpose of a fore bay in a hydropower plant?

What function does the fore bay serve in a hydropower scheme?

In the hydel system, a fore bay is used at the junction of ..........

The enlarged body of water at the entrance of penstock is of D = 1.55 m³ ..........

What is the minimum submergence that should be provided for a fore bay of Q = 3.6 m³/s, D = 1.5 m?

Pondage in a hydropower station is ..........

The function of a surge tank is to ..........

The purpose of the surge tank in a pipeline is ..........

A surge tank is provided for protection of ..........

The surge tanks controls the water when the load on the turbine is ..........

Which component prevents the penstock from water hammer phenomenon in a hydropower plant?

Location of a surge tank, in a hydroelectric power station is near ..........

The correct sequence, in the direction of installation/location, of a hydropower plant is ..........

The correct sequence, in hydropower plant, for the direction of the flow of water is ..........

Which statement about surge tank is wrong?

The main governing factor for safe design of surge tank is ..........

The maximum upsurge for sudden closure of valve (or for sudden 100% load rejection) is given by ..........

The maximum down surge for sudden opening of valve (or for sudden 100% demand) is given by ..........

The hydro mechanical equipment is that equipment which convert ..........

Which principle is used in hydraulic turbines?

Impulse turbine and reaction turbine are classified based on ..........

The turbine in which water entering possesses the kinetic as well as pressure energy is ..........

The energy of water entering the reaction turbine is ..........

Which of the following is impulse turbine?

The pressure energy of water is converted to kinetic energy through a nozzle provided next to runner blade in ..........

Which of the following is an example of impulse turbine?

If at the inlet, only kinetic energy is available, then name of the turbine is ..........

Which kind of turbine is a Pelton wheel turbine?

In what type of turbine water enters in radial direction and leaves axial direction?

The direction of flow in Kaplan turbine is ..........

The turbines suitable for head up to 15 m head with not load variations is ..........

The net head suitable for Francis turbine is ..........

Kaplan turbine is operated under ..........

Which phenomenon in a pipe flow is termed as water hammer?

The water hammer is developed in a ..........

The magnitude of water hammer does not depend upon ..........

The water hammer in penstock pipe is caused by ..........

The valve closure is said to be gradual if T is the interval of time taken for closing the valve, L is the length of pipe and C be the wave pressure.

A flow control valve at the end of a 1 km long pipe is closed gradually in 10 seconds. If the rise of pressure head due to water hammer is 20 meters of water. What the velocity of water before the valve closure?

Pen stocks are made up of ..........

Penstock in a hydroelectric power plant is ..........

In high head hydro power plant, the velocity of water in penstock is about ..........

Which parameter is crucial in determining the thickness of penstock?

Which factor is NOT considered in the design of a penstock for a high-head hydropower plant?

Which of the following is of a high head turbine?

High head turbine is ...........

The range of specific speed for Kaplan turbine is ...........

The turbine having speed 60-300rpm is ...........

Turbine having speed 600-900rpm is called ...........

Among the following which turbine has highest efficiency?

Which of the following is high speed turbine?

In which types of turbine in which blade are in action when in front of nozzle?

The value of jet ratio [D/d] for Pelton turbine is ...........

The number of bucket in runner of Pelton turbine is ...........

The width of the bucket of Pelton wheel is generally ........... times the diameter of the jet.

The hydraulic efficiency of Pelton turbine is maximum when velocity of wheel is ........... of the velocity of jet of water at inlet.

The maximum efficiency of Pelton turbine is given by ...........

The formula used to calculate velocity of jet for Pelton turbine is ...........

The ratio of width of the wheel to diameter of Francis turbine is ...........

The specific speed of a hydraulic turbine depends upon ...........

In a reaction turbine, when steam flows through the fixed blades, ...........

In a Francis turbine runner, the number of blades are generally between ...........

Draft tubes have ........... shafts.

The draft tube is used for discharging water from the exit of ...........

What is the purpose of a draft tube?

The use of draft tube in reaction turbine helps to ...........

Pressure at the inlet and outlet of the draft tube shouldn't be ...........

The place where cavitation is most likely to occur in the hydraulic turbine is ...........

Draft tubes are not used in which of the following turbines?

What is the use of governor?

The governor in a hydropower plant ...........

For the small variation, the power of the centrifugal pump is proportional to ...........

The centrifugal pump acts as the reverse of an ...........

Power needed to uplift water can be calculated as ...........

Sub-surface powerhouse is suitable ...........

Surface power house is suitable ...........

Which is used to protect turbine and runner from damage?

A turbine develops 2000 hp under a head of 150 m while running at 300 rpm. What is the specific speed?

To generate 10,000 kW under a head of 81m while working at a speed of 500 rpm, the turbine of choice would be ...........

If Hₙₑₜ = 20 m, P = 20,000 HP, Nₛ = 600 rpm and N = 230 rpm, then the number of turbine will be ...........

Calculate the total number of poles of generator for a Francis turbine with synchronous speed of 461.54 rpm if f = 50 Hz.

If the total discharge of a Pelton wheel is 3.672 m³/s and discharge of one jet is 1.818 m³/s, the number of jets required is ...........

What is the number of buckets on the runner of a Pelton turbine if jet ratio is 12?

Find the specific speed of the turbine if speed = 6000 rpm, power generation = 5 MW in total by 2 turbines under head of 20 m.