Chapter 1 · MCQ Read Mode

HumanBiology

The organelle responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP is the:

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

The sodium-potassium pump transports:

Programmed cell death that occurs without provoking inflammation is called:

DNA replication takes place during which phase of the cell cycle?

A gain-of-function mutation converting a normal gene that promotes cell division into a cancer-driving gene produces a:

Which immunoglobulin class is the only one that crosses the human placenta?

The antibody class produced first and in greatest amount during a primary immune response is:

Immunity acquired by injecting ready-made antibodies is:

T lymphocytes mature in the:

Glucose entering a cell through a GLUT carrier down its concentration gradient without ATP is an example of:

Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in that they:

The visible precipitation of a soluble antigen by its antibody occurs optimally at:

Serum differs from plasma in that serum lacks:

The normal life span of a human erythrocyte is about:

Which leukocyte is the most numerous in normal peripheral blood?

Erythropoietin, the hormone stimulating red cell production, is secreted mainly by the:

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by:

The laboratory test used to monitor the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is the:

Which clotting factor cross-links fibrin to stabilise the clot?

Citrate and EDTA prevent blood from clotting in a specimen tube because they:

A blood-contacting biomaterial surface such as a catheter or dialysis membrane primarily triggers:

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine by how many hydrogen bonds?

The start codon of translation, which also codes for methionine, is:

In the polymerase chain reaction, the enzyme that extends the primers at about 72 degrees Celsius is:

The blotting technique used to detect a specific protein is called:

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:

Rapid depolarisation during a nerve action potential is caused by:

Saltatory conduction occurs in myelinated fibres because the impulse:

That a nerve impulse either occurs at full amplitude or not at all is known as:

The neurotransmitter released at the human neuromuscular junction is:

Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum initiates contraction by binding to:

In the spinal cord, the dorsal (posterior) root carries:

Which part of the brain contains the respiratory and vasomotor centres?

The chief function of the middle-ear ossicles is to:

High-frequency sounds are detected at which part of the basilar membrane?

The greatest part of the refractive power of the human eye is provided by the:

Myopia (short sight) is corrected by which type of spectacle lens?

The region of the retina giving the sharpest vision, packed with cones and containing no rods, is the:

Cardiac output is calculated as:

The natural pacemaker of the heart is the:

The QRS complex of the electrocardiogram represents:

If blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, the mean arterial pressure is approximately:

According to Poiseuille's law, halving the radius of a vessel increases its resistance by a factor of:

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that:

Coronary blood flow to the left ventricle occurs mainly during:

Surfactant, which reduces alveolar surface tension, is secreted by:

Which lung volume cannot be measured by simple spirometry?

Vital capacity is the sum of:

An inhaled foreign body is more likely to enter the right main bronchus because it is:

The most powerful normal stimulus to increase ventilation is a rise in:

The oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right when there is:

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the:

The normal glomerular filtration rate in a healthy adult is approximately:

Which substance's clearance is equal to the glomerular filtration rate and is therefore the reference standard?

Plasma albumin does not normally appear in the glomerular filtrate mainly because:

Approximately what proportion of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Glucose appears in the urine when the plasma concentration exceeds the renal threshold of about:

Antidiuretic hormone concentrates the urine by:

The hyperosmotic gradient of the renal medulla is created chiefly by the:

Which hormone secreted by the kidney stimulates red blood cell production?

Urine passes from the renal pelvis to the bladder principally by:

Reflux of urine from the bladder back into the ureter is normally prevented by:

The micturition reflex is integrated at which level of the spinal cord?

Urinary tract infections are far more common in women mainly because:

Bone is strongest when loaded in:

The Young's modulus of cortical bone in the longitudinal direction is approximately:

Wolff's law states that:

A spiral fracture of the tibia indicates that the bone was loaded principally in:

Most human joints act as third-class levers, which means that:

During normal walking, the hip joint reaction force is approximately:

The 'toe region' at the start of the stress-strain curve of a ligament corresponds to:

Which property describes the increase in strain of a tendon held under a constant load over time?

The greatest force a skeletal muscle can develop occurs during:

Blood is described as a non-Newtonian fluid because its viscosity:

The single most important determinant of whole-blood viscosity is the:

The Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect describes the fact that the apparent viscosity of blood:

In the design of a blood pump or prosthetic heart valve, regions of very high wall shear stress are avoided chiefly because they cause:

When a cylinder is unrolled (opened in rope form), what shape is formed?

How many transistors does a class B push-pull amplifier use?

In which region does a class B amplifier operate?

Which quantity remains constant (same) throughout a series circuit?

In a star (Y) connected three-phase system, what is the relationship between line voltage (Vₗ) and phase voltage (Vₚₕ)?

What is the primary advantage of CMOS logic technology?

What type of feedback do oscillators use to sustain oscillations?

Which theorem gives the condition for maximum power transfer from a source to a load?

According to Ohm's Law, which relationship is correct?

Three equal resistors in series dissipate 10 W. How much power do they dissipate when connected in parallel (same supply voltage)?

A semiconductor is primarily used for:

Two copper wires of the same length have cross-sectional area ratio 1 : 4. What is the ratio of their resistances (small : large)?

A wire has resistance 40 Ω. Another wire of the same length has 4× the cross-sectional area. What is the resistance of the second wire?

The Superposition Theorem is NOT applicable to which type of circuit analysis?

The current through a capacitor is known as:

A bridge rectifier operating at 50 Hz produces an output of:

An inductor and resistor are connected in series and a DC voltage V is applied. At steady state, what is the current?

Three resistors each of 2 Ω are connected in delta. What is the equivalent resistance between any two terminals?

A 1 Ω resistor is connected in parallel with a 3 Ω resistor. What is the equivalent resistance?

What is the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) when the reflection coefficient is 0.8?

A transmission line has Z₀ = 50 Ω and termination impedance Za = 75 Ω. What is the SWR and reflection coefficient?