Chapter 9 · MCQ Read Mode

Rural Infrastructure and Energy for Rural Development

Passive solar energy use is best described as:

An active solar water heater system, compared to passive solar use, typically includes:

Solar PV system design must particularly consider:

Biomass gasification converts solid biomass into: in limited oxygen

Anaerobic digestion of biomass produces biogas primarily through:

The digestate byproduct of anaerobic biogas digestion is valuable primarily as:

Bio-diesel is produced from vegetable oil or animal fat primarily through the process of:

Glycerol is best described, in the context of bio-diesel production, as:

Solar crop dryers are designed to balance:

Renewable energy sources are particularly valuable in rural agricultural settings mainly because they: extend

Wind turbine power output is most strongly related to wind speed by:

A horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT), compared to a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), is generally:

A key advantage of a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) is that it:

For a site with high head and relatively low flow, the most suitable hydro turbine type is generally:

For a site with low head and high flow, the most suitable hydro turbine type is generally:

Micro-hydro planning must particularly assess:

In Nepal, ownership and management of many rural micro-hydro schemes commonly relies on:

An energy audit is best described as: opportunities

A key application of energy auditing in a rural micro-hydro scheme is to: demand

Small wind energy converters, beyond electricity generation, can also be used to directly drive:

The 'green road' approach to rural road construction in Nepal's hills primarily emphasizes:

A key phased-construction principle of the green road approach is to:

Rural road geometric design standards, compared to those for national highways, are generally:

Bio-engineering slope stabilization measures on rural road cut/fill slopes primarily rely on:

Earth road maintenance is generally required more frequently than gravel road maintenance primarily because earth roads are:

A key site-selection criterion for a suspension/suspended bridge crossing in hill terrain is:

A suspension bridge, as distinct from a suspended bridge, typically features:

A suspended bridge, as distinct from a suspension bridge, is characterized by: typically for shorter spans

A box culvert is generally selected over a pipe culvert when:

Cross-drainage structures on rural roads (culverts, causeways) are sized primarily based on: served

A key advantage of a spring source for rural water supply, where reliable, is:

Rural water demand estimation must account for:

Under WHO drinking water quality guidelines, the presence of E. coli/coliform bacteria primarily indicates:

Disinfection (e.g. chlorination) in a water treatment train is considered:

A Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine improves on a basic pit latrine primarily by:

A pour-flush latrine controls odor and insect access primarily through:

In a septic tank system, solids are primarily removed from wastewater by:

A soak pit functions primarily by: material

Land composting as a rural solid waste disposal method is particularly suited to:

A rural water supply reservoir (storage tank) is sized primarily to:

Rural development is best defined as a process aimed at:

A commonly cited problem constraining rural development in Nepal is:

Indicators commonly used to assess rural development progress include:

Rural economics is significantly shaped by which of the following factors?

Entrepreneurship development in rural areas primarily aims to:

Participatory, bottom-up planning approaches in rural development are increasingly favored because they:

A rural development project's implementation process typically follows which general sequence? monitoring/evaluation

Agricultural extension is best described as the process of: support

Farmer field schools and demonstration plots are extension tools valued primarily for providing:

Developing local farmer leaders ('lead farmers') within agricultural extension helps primarily to: knowledge locally

In climate risk terminology, 'hazard' refers to:

'Vulnerability' in the context of climate risk refers to: effects

Climate change 'risk' is best understood as:

The primary driver of anthropogenic climate change is: and deforestation

In Nepal's mountain hydrology context, a key climate change impact relevant to agriculture is:

Adoption of drought/heat/flood-tolerant crop varieties is an example of:

Early warning and climate information systems support farmer adaptation primarily by: information

Sustainable climate adaptation planning requires that measures be:

The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) primarily serves to: finance/technology transfer mechanisms

Local Adaptation Plans of Action (LAPA) in Nepal primarily serve to: